ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS—LOISEL. 421 
they are 2 years old. It sometimes happens that young calves are 
abandoned and trampled on when the herd becomes frightened and 
runs away; some of them die, others are found wandering in the 
woods, and can then be easily caught by hand, but it is useless to 
capture them for preservation, as they become too dangerous. 
From 1875 to 1886 there were made at Chillingham crosses between 
the wild cows and domesticated short-horn bulls. The hybrids thus 
obtained had a pelt of the wild type, but the black color of the nose 
was replaced by a flesh color or marbled tint, and the brown hairs of 
the ears were more developed. These individuals were still of the 
wild type; they had the muscular vigor, the hghtness of bones, and 
the fine carriage due to the special development of the shoulders. On 
the other hand, their meat was superior to that of the Chilingham 
oxen, their weight was heavier, and their development more rapid. 
It should be noted that these hybrids have never had any contact 
with the wild herd, so that the race of the Chillingham cattle has 
always remained absolutely pure. 
When I left Glasgow to return to England I also found upon my 
route another preserve of wild cattle, the park of Cadzow, situated 
13 miles from Glasgow, near Hamiltons This park, which belongs 
to the Duke of Hamilton, is a little larger than that of Chillingham, 
* but the stone wall that surrounds it on all sides dates only from the 
beginning of the nineteenth century. It has an extent of 1,471 
acres, of which 921 are pasture land, 23 in river and 527 in forest, 
where one may see magnificent oaks centuries old. This wood is 
the remains of an old forest that extended on the east as far as the 
North Sea, the park at Chillingham representing its eastern ex- 
tremity. The park at Cadzow has no ponds, marshes, nor hills. 
The cattle of Cadzow have, like those of Chillingham, a white 
pelage with a black muzzle; but their ears and fore feet are some- 
times also black. One of these cattle was exhibited for a few days 
at the London Zoological Garden. 
The bulls have a very broad forehead and a long face, the shoulders 
and fore part of the body are heavy, the neck arched, the flanks and 
posterior part of the body light; their height at the shoulder is 
1.62 m. The cows are smaller than the bulls, but they have the 
same general form; it is to be noted only that their rather narrow 
nose enlarges as it approaches the muzzle. 
Cows from the Cadzow park have also been crossed several times, 
first with the Chillingham bulls and then with bulls from Wales. 
These cattle are not allowed to run throughout the whole extent of 
the park; they are confined in three large plains of 180 acres, one of 
which had 20 adult cows, the second 10 cows and 5 heifers, the third 
8 adult and 5 young bulls. During the summer these animals re- 
main night and day in the fields; in the winter some of them seek 
