ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS—LOISEL. 423 
Directing then our course toward the east, we found in complete 
liberty herds of white deer, white-tailed gnus, wapiti deer, then a 
herd of bison, of Russian aurochs, a dozen hanguls (Cervus cashmi- 
rianus), and some 40 wild ducks that breed here regularly every year. 
After 3 or 4 miles there were on our left other inclosures in which 
were tapirs, giraffes, some 15 Prjevalsky horses, 8 Grevy and Bur- 
chell zebras, onagers, hemiones, and kiangs in an inclosure of 11 acres; 
then we came to a sandy plain covered with ferns in which bands of 
kangaroos of several species were Jumping about, fleeing at our ap- 
proach. 
The Prjevalsky horses came from a herd of 26 young ones, imported 
for the first time alive into Europe by C. Hagenbeck. At the in- 
stance of the Duke of Bedford, Hagenbeck sent, in 1900, an expedi- 
tion to the mountains of Ektala, near Kobdo, in western Mongolia. 
Some 50 colts but a few days old were easily captured by the lasso; 
they were nursed by Mongolian mares, then sent to Europe, where 
only 26 arrived alive. 
We then traversed an undergrowth where we found still more 
herds of Cervida, for the most part Cervus porcinus. <A little far- 
ther in a grassy plain I perceived a band of wapitis (Cervus xan- 
thopygus), imported from Manchuria by the Duke of Bedford, and 
which have bred in the park. 
Then, returning to the chateau, we passed not far from a nas 
pond in which I admired many species of cranes, among which were 
some magnificent blue cranes, flamingoes, ibis, barnacle geese, with 
innumerable flocks of other geese, ducks, and swans. (See pl. u, 
from a photograph furnished by the Duchess of Bedford.) 
The last printed list of the animals of the park at Woburn Abbey, 
made in 1905, and including mammals only, comprised a total of 783 
Cervide, 89 antelopes, 23 wild goats, 41 wild sheep, 47 Bovida, and 
25 H'quide, all exotic species. These figures are probably less than 
the actual number, for it is almost impossible to enumerate with pre- 
cision herds of such animals as Cervus porcinus, that live in the 
wooded portions of the park. Besides, at the time of my visit to 
Woburn that number had been considerably exceeded by reason of 
the numerous births that occur there every year. 
As to the birds, the number of individuals living freely in the park 
must be quite as great as that of the mammals, judging from the 
aspect which a view of the ponds presented. An approximate list of 
the birds made at the end of November, 1906, which was kindly sent 
me by the Duchess of Bedford, gives a total of 91 swans (comprising 
7 species or distinct varieties), 324 geese (18 species or varieties), 50 
sheldrakes, (5 species or varieties), 81 rheas (3 species or varieties), 3 
ostriches, 3 emus, 3 pelicans, 66 cranes (10 species or varieties). 8 
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