ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS—LOISEL. 441 
month. A simple mechanism in each bin prevents the grain being 
injured by pressure and assures its regular outflow. The discharge 
spouts are in the basement, in a room large enough to permit several 
keepers to get grain at the same time under the supervision of the 
storekeeper. 
ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN AT THE HAGUE. 
The Zoological Garden at The Hague belongs to the “ Koninklijk 
Zoologisch-Botanisch Genootschap,” a limited society founded No- 
vember 1, 1862, for a period of twenty-nine years and eight months. 
In July, 1891, its duration was prolonged for a similar period. 
The object of the society, as defined by Article I of its statutes, is 
“to contribute to instruction by establishing a collection of living 
plants and animals, a museum and a library.” 
It is administered by a board of nine persons appointed for three 
years by the members, one-third being renewed every year. The 
board chooses from its members a president, a vice-president, and a 
secretary. They meet at least once a month, and every five years ap- 
point a director, who has the management of the garden and the col- 
lections. This director, at present Mr. L. J. Dobbelmann, has under 
his orders 5 keepers of animals, 6 gardeners, 5 workmen, and a dozen 
of temporary employees. In his last annual report (1905) I find the 
following data: 
Florins. 
Total: receipe eee ae tee Re ee ye ee i Pee 80, 889 
Memberstalecs pees 2 eeete wies, oe ee eA wo ot ok es ee 32, 843 
Gate meceipts g(a. 085) ee = ae oe aye aoe ee ey ee ae Se 5a ee 19, 675 
Pood)! of spinal Sees ee ee Pee ee LS yt ed A ee 4, 716 
EX Penses ob ue ag ua Tin eet eye ae a el ple ee ee 149 
The garden is situated to the east of the city and is only about 6 
hectares in extent. It is surrounded by water, meadows, and beauti- 
ful trees, which set it off to great advantage. Its collection of living 
animals is not of great importance, comprising during last year only 
140 mammals of 30 different species, 570 birds of 187 different species, 
and a certain number of fishes. 
ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN AT AMSTERDAM. 
The Zoological Garden at Amsterdam (Dierentuin or Artis) be- 
longs to the Koninkhjk Zoologisch Genootschap, “Natura artis 
magistra ” (hence the name Artis by which the inhabitants of Am- 
sterdam designate the garden). 
The Royal Society of Zoology was founded in 1838, in consequence 
of a circular sent out to the inhabitants of Amsterdam by an amateur, 
Mr. G. F. Westermann. That circular commenced as follows: 
“Natura artis magistra.” Under this title a society has been founded having 
for its object the study of natural history in an attractive and agreeable manner, 
