508 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1907. 
while on the Egyptian monuments the Libyans and Tamahus are 
represented with European features and blond hair. When the 
Spaniards discovered the Canary Isles they found there a blond 
and brown type. That people have considered these blond Berbers 
as remnants of the Vandals may be merely mentioned. 
The Berbers, in direct contrast to the Arabs, have a great ability 
for grasping ideas, especially practical ones, and have great capacity 
for work. Berber jugglers, often of remarkable dexterity, travel all 
over the world, and are known even in Germany, where some of them 
have served also as teachers of their language. 
The Berber is passionate and easily moved, but at the same time 
serious, even sad. He has a great deal of personal pride, as I know 
from my own experience, and resents unkind and inconsiderate treat- 
ment, a fact that many Europeans seem to overlook. A Berber 
keeps his word. Their acquisitive instincts are highly developed, 
but their food and domestic arrangements are simple, even in great 
prosperity. Rich and poor alike wear the same soiled and tattered 
burnous. The Berbers value personal property highly. Many Ber- 
bers from south Tunis wander toward the city of Tunis, and many 
Berber mountain and oasis dwellers of Algeria travel to Algiers and 
other coast cities to save a little sum of money and then return to 
the home country, to which they cling faithfully, and buy a bit of 
land and a little house, the desire of every Berber. Thousands of 
them travel every year to Algeria to work on the railroads, at 
harvesting, on harbor works, in mines, and in other such places, in 
order to earn money. I have myself traveled with such groups 
for some time in the interior of the Moroccan Atlas foreland, to be- 
come familiar with their views and experiences. The Berbers are 
industrious agriculturalists and tree cultivators. In the mountains, 
where there is a local overpopulation—in Jurjura there are almost 
100 people to the square kilometer—they have terraced the slopes and 
artificially irrigated and fertilized them in order to make the most 
possible out of their valuable ground. Every available foot of earth 
is made use of. In this way they have transformed several mountain 
districts into very landscape gardens; for example, the inclines and 
valleys of the Serhun, the sacred mountains near Fez, the slopes of 
the Atlas near Demnat and the Jurjura and Aures mountains of 
Algeria. In the Serhun the products of the olive and fig trees bring 
the necessary ready money, while in the other mountains apricot trees 
furnish this. 
How valuable these irrigated garden lands can become in these 
comparatively thickly populated mountain districts is shown by the 
fact that in the Aures mountains a hectare is worth as much as 
16,000 francs. The island of Jerba is one great garden and orchard. 
It is astonishing to see how the Berbers have been able to adapt to 
