514 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1907. 
century A. D., they were planning to form a state of their own. 
Still more Jews followed in the train of the Arabs, and those return- 
ing from Spain spread themselves all over the country. They are 
commonly city dwellers here as elsewhere and are generally engaged 
in mercantile business or in money handling, but there are also many 
artisans among them. In Morocco they are limited as a rule to their 
own quarter of the city (the Mellah). Single Jewish families and 
small groups of them are found everywhere in the Atlas region, even 
in the innermost valleys of the Moroccan Atlas region. Most Moroc- 
can caids have a “ court Jew” for their money affairs. The Marquis 
de Segonzac even found fortified villages of Jewish people armed 
with weapons like their Arab and Berber neighbors. ‘Their number 
in the whole Atlas region probably does not exceed 200,000, although 
they play an important part in the commerce of the country. Politi- 
cally they are now very influential, because since their emancipation 
in Algeria they have become everywhere the exponents and carriers 
of French customs and language, a fact which has made them doubly 
hated by the natives. 
The Greeks, one of the most powerful of all the Mediterranean 
peoples, are among the oldest races of Europe. They have held 
with wonderful tenacity to their ancient territory and to the prin- 
cipal features of their national characteristics, and have absorbed 
all foreign invaders. Whatever good and bad characteristics we 
see in the present Greeks are essentially those of the old Hellenes. 
The Greeks of to-day must be admired especially for their patriotism, 
their national pride, their desire for culture and their willingness 
to sacrifice themselves for these ideals. These are their sword and 
buckler in their struggle for national existence, and can not be val- 
ued too highly. It is these characteristics which in spite of their par- 
tizanship, their distrustfulness, and their superstition, have brought 
the country to a new prosperity economically, and have raised them 
again to the position of the center of the entire Grecian influence, 
the focus of economic and intellectual life, and the point of departure 
for European civilization for the whole Orient. This little country 
has accomphshed this, too, not only without any loss whatever to 
other races, but with a continual gain by the incorporation of other 
less resistant races. The Greek influence is making great progress; 
it is very important in oriental political affairs to-day, and is likely 
to become even more so in the future. 
Just as the Greeks are absorbing the Albanians, who wish them- 
selves to be Greeks, so in the middle ages did they take in the Slavic 
tide. The Peloponnesus was called Sclavinia after these people 
for a long time. Italian and other Frankish components have also 
been incorporated, so that the Greeks must surely be termed a mixed 
race. Only in a few out of the way mountains like the Maina and 
