516 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1907. 
cities of Constantinople, Odessa, Smyrna, and Alexandria, and return 
home prosperous, to purchase a homestead. 
The number of Greeks can be estimated at about 5,000,000. A small 
number, to be sure, but we must consider that in the entire Kingdom 
at the end of the war for independence there were only 600,000 men 
left, while to-day, with a somewhat extended area, it is inhabited by 
2,500,000 men, and these 5,000,000 people, united by a national spirit 
and a love of country, mean a great deal more in the thinly-populated 
Orient than they do in western Europe. The Greeks are therefore a 
factor which will have to be reckoned with, as the annexation of Thes- 
saly and Crete, which awaits only its formal consummation, shows. 
Migration has added new members to the Mediterranean race 
family. Some have been developed by the fusion of immigrants and 
conquering peoples with the already greatly mixed primitive aborig- 
ines, whose Latinization had brought them to a higher plane of 
culture, and some by the invasion of new races from the outside, who 
wiped out their precursors or absorbed them and appropriated their 
territory. Thus were the Latin peoples of the northwestern Mediter- 
ranean developed; all have a considerable admixture of Germanic 
blood, Italians as well as French, Spaniards as well as Portuguese. 
The initial stirrings of the great whirlwind known as “ the migra- 
tion of nations,” which led into the German invasion of the Medi- 
terranean, were aroused in Central Asia. This whirlwind drew the 
southeast peninsula of Europe and the Atlas region into the turmoil 
of its wake, and worked at first great havoc on the old Mediterranean 
civilization, but afterwards brought a new flourishing period. In 
this whirlwind of migration the Teutons were followed by the Slavs 
and Bulgarians, and after these came the Mongolians and Turks, 
both from Central Asia. Finally the steppes of Arabia gave forth 
swarms of men over all hither Asia and the north coast of Africa, 
which were swept across to the northern shores of the Mediterranean 
and back again toward the east, only to be halted in their course by 
the power of the Franks on the battlefield of Tours. 
Of the Latin races in the Mediterranean region proper about 
34,000,000 are Italians (including Corsicans, Maltese, Nizzards, Tes- 
sinians, ete.), 2,500,000 are French, about 300,000 of whom are in 
Algeria and Morocco, 18,000,000 Spaniards, and 4,700,000 Portuguese. 
Besides these there are about 200,000 Zinzares and about 300,000 
Rumanians in Servia, Bulgaria, and the Dobrudsha. 
The Slavs on the southeast peninsula of Europe number about 
10,000,000—5,000,000 each of Servians and Bulgarians. Of these 
two the Servians came from the northward and the Bulgarians from 
the northeast. Both of them had hardly shaken off the Turkish yoke 
when they became engaged in violent conflict over the Macedonian 
Slavs, a body of people whose ethnical position is yet to be determined. 
