518 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1907. 
, 
it runs like an electric strain through the whole region and will make 
itself felt in every military development within its reach, especially 
in the Atlas countries and in Egypt, in a manner that will surprise 
the unknowing. 
The Semitic and Mongol-like elements which the Arabic and Turk- 
ish invasion brought with them into the Mediterranean region were 
not of great importance, since the people themselves were not very 
numerous. But whether because of their despotism or whether be- 
‘cause of the power of Mohammedanism, as we have seen in the case of 
the Berbers, they seem to have made the foreign elements conform to 
their habits. Therefore we can consider as “Arabs ” not only the in- 
habitants of Barca and Marmarika, who are pure Arabs, only 300,000 
strong, to be sure, but also the inhabitants of lower Egypt and Syria. 
But while the changes in the political map have caused no ethnical 
differences of any moment in the Arabic division of Mohammedanism, 
in the Turkish division these have been especially small. This is no 
doubt due principally to the fact that the Turks were represented in 
the greater part of their empire only by officials and soldiers who 
have disappeared again with the Turkish dominion. Thus there are 
no longer any Turks in Algeria, Tunis, or Egypt. 
In Algeria even the Kulugls, sons of Turks, have disappeared. 
The military colonies also, which especially in Greece, Servia, and 
Bulgaria kept guard over the important points on the great military 
routes which lead from Constantinople and Salonica through the 
peninsula to Belgrade, are to be seen no more. But not only the Turks 
themselves, but also the Tartars and Circassians, who settled under 
their protection in Bulgaria, have wandered back into Turkish terri- 
tory, particularly to Asia Minor, where under the name of Muhad- 
shir they have essentially strengthened the ranks of the Turks, espe- 
cially in agricultural matters, since they are on a somewhat higher 
plane of civilization. By such remigrations the number of Turks in 
the part of the Balkan peninsula still controlled by them has become 
considerably increased, especially in Constantinople. 
Nevertheless, if the number of Mohammedans in the southeastern 
part of Europe is set at 3,500,000, we could find hardly 1,500,000 
Osmanlis among them, and these also, like the whole Turkish people, 
except, perhaps, the Turkomans of Asia Minor and the northern edge 
of Syria, who came in later, are so mixed with Aryan blood from the 
incorporation of the Janissaries, for instance (principally enslaved 
Christian boys of especial power), and are so confused by admixture 
with Persian, Slavic, Greek, and Circassian slave women that their 
physical type has lost every Mongol-like characteristic, even if they 
have preserved their own system of morals and their language. 
