524 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1907, 
other hand, in southeast Asia we may find the most marked slant-eyed 
Mongolian type, of which the present nominal Emperor of Annam 
is a good example. 
For these reasons the term Austrasian (1. e., eastern Asiatic) race 
is preferable to the expression “ yellow race ” used by Cuvier for the 
combined Mongolian-Malayan races, as it includes people of a dark- 
brown color in the southern part of the Asiatic continent. 
So much can be said, however, that the north or true Mongolian 
division may be distinguished by their comparatively large size, large 
head, prominent cheek bones, more or less slanted eyes and meso- or 
brachycephalic skull, while in the southern or Malay division, smaller 
size, less prominent cheek bones, and less slanted or more horizontal 
eyes prevail. Probably there is an admixture of Hindu or other for- 
eign blood in many “ Malays.” 
In Japan these types are seldom found pure; much oftener they are 
mixed. 
The assertion that the Japanese are essentially identical in race 
with the inhabitants of Korea and the larger part of China was 
formerly strongly combated. Investigators were too much influ- 
enced by outward appearances, especially by dress and methods of 
wearing the hair. Even such a keen and much traveled observer 
as Lord Curzon, late viceroy of India, allowed himself to be led 
astray. He declared that the Koreans were such a characteristic race 
that it was impossible to confound them with the indigenes of another 
land wherever they might be met. To contradict this I have the 
testimony of any number of Japanese and Koreans, that they them- 
selves can not distinguish one from the other if costume and method 
of hairdressing are the same; and in comparing Japanese and 
Chinese, the same holds good. Even conceding that the Chinese 
are generally larger and have softer features, the difference is hardly 
greater or even as great as between different types in Germany, or 
between the English and Germans. Therefore I can not understand 
how Donitz* can say “the Japanese are so different at first sight 
from the Mongolians who inhabit the neighboring mainland that it 
is hard to conceive how there could be any direct connection between 
them.” Clearly he, too, had been deceived by outward appearance, 
especially by the difference of clothing and hairdressing. The sight 
of Koreans in European dress would soon have changed his opinion. 
The natural path for immigration into Japan is through Korea, 
as a glance at the map shows. This is confirmed by the most ancient 
traditions of Japan and the finds of the prehistoric period. By this 
route the people entered who first brought a sort of civilization into 
“Vorgeschichtliche Griiber in Japan,’ Verhandl. d. Berl. Anthropol. Ges. 
1887, p. 114. 
