ORIGIN OF EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION—-NAVILLE. 555 
the desert on the west of the Delta. Evidently the negro races must 
have invaded the territory which the Tamahu originally occupied, 
and compelled them to settle near the coast, where we find them 
under the Pharaohs of the twentieth dynasty. 
With the Tamahu are often mentioned the Tehennu, a name which 
means “ the yellow ones.” I consider them as being one of the Afri- 
can nations of a color lighter than that of the Egyptians, a difference 
which is so easily noticeable in Cairo in going to the Tunis bazaar. 
I believe the name of the prehistoric Egyptians has been pre- 
served. They are called the Anu. The sign An, with which their 
name is written, means a pillar, a column of stone or wood, or, even 
as Brugsch translates, a heap of stones. According to Brugsch also, 
their name Anvw, or, in the latter inscriptions Anti, means the Troglo- 
dytes or the Trogodytes, the inhabitants of caverns, and in Ptolemaic 
times this name applied to the Kushite nations occupying the land 
between the Nile and the Red Sea. 
But we find them much earlier; they often occur at Anu Ta Khent, 
the Anu of Lower Nubia and of Khent Hunnefer, the southern part 
of Nubia. An inscription in the Temple of Deir el Bahari speaks of 
the Anu of Khent, Lower Nubia, of Khent Hunnefer, Upper Nubia, 
and of Setet, which, in the texts of the Pyramids is clearly the land 
of the goddesses Sati and Anget, the land and islands of the cata- 
racts.¢ The Anu are found much farther north. In the inscriptions 
of Sinai we see the King Khufu striking the Anu, the inhabitants 
of the mountains who are evidently the population he conquered when 
he invaded the peninsula. 
An is the name of Heliopolis, one of the oldest cities in Egypt, and 
the religious capital of the country. The same name, with a feminine 
termination, is Anit, which means Tentrya (Dendereh), but also 
Latopolis (Esneh) and Hermonthis (Erment). The land of Egypt 
is often called the two lands of An, so that we can trace the name 
of An, not only among the neighboring nations of Egypt, but in 
the country itself, from an early antiquity. Evidently this name— 
the two lands of An—for Egypt, is a remainder of the old native 
stock before the conquest. 
Anti, a word with an adjective form, means a bow. The sense of 
the word seems to be “that of the Anu, the weapon of the Anu.” 
We can recognize the Anu in those archers who are represented sev- 
eral times on the slate palettes, which, although later than the con- 
quest, are among the oldest monuments of Egypt. The Anu use ar- 
rows with triangular flint points. More often we see them as un- 
armed men with pointed beards, trodden down by the king, who has 
taken the form of the divine bull Bat, or torn to pieces by a lion. 
@W. Max Miiller, Asien und Europa, p. 20. 
