572 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1907. 
with expanded head cut from the solid (fig. 13). A third specimen 
has a piston, with wide head cut from one solid piece of dark horn. 
Three others (figs. 14, 15, 16) and a fourth specimen (fig. 17) from 
the same district, given me by Prof. EK. H. Giglioli, are peculiar in 
having the shaft of the plunger of horn, while the head is of wood 
fixed by means of a stout rivet of horn to the shaft, which is widened 
at this point, and is tenoned into the head. The head in some consists , 
of a single piece of wood, in others it is in two pieces, and is reen- 
forced with bindings of string and cane. The riveted head seems to 
be specially associated with the Kachins. The collector gives the 
native name of the instrument as caifo or caifoe, and he adds the 
remark that while these people are called Kachin by the Burmese, 
they describe themselves as Chimfo or Simpfo (i. e., “men”); the 
name is also given as Chingpaw.’ 
A specimen (fig. 18 on pl. m1) in my collection, obtained by Mr. 
Leveson from a Kachin on the Chinese border, from the same district 
whence the ruder bamboo specimens were procured, has a cylinder of 
rough horn of a hght color and a plunger, also very roughly. made of 
black horn. Reference is also made by Capt. W. Gill? to the fire 
piston (with wooden cylinder) among the Kachins of the village of 
Pungshi (Ponsee), on the Taiping River, 50 or 60 miles east of 
Bhamo. John Anderson” describes and figures the instrument from 
the Kachins of the same region; it resembles that shown in fig. 18. 
Other specimens of the Kachin fire piston of which I have record 
are as follows :— 
Two examples with plain horn cylinders, Berlin Museum. 
One (referred to above) with horn cylinder, 8.7 em. long, having 
perforated flanges for a carrying cord; “ plunger” of hard wood 
riveted to rounded wooden head; given by Mr. R. Gordon to the 
British Museum in 1873. 
One given by Mr. R. Gordon to the Mayer collection, Liverpool 
Museum, 1874. 
One of wood, Horniman Museum. 
One with tapering cylinder of horn and wooden “ plunger,” in 
Mr. E. Bidwell’s collection. 
One with tapering horn cylinder, 7.5 em. long, piston of horn ten- 
oned into a cubical wooden head and secured with a rivet; given by 
Sir W. N. Geary to the British Museum, 1901. 
«@. J. Wehrli, Internat. Archiv f. Ethnographie, suppl. to Vol. XVI, 1904, p. 
45. See also L. Fea, Quattro Anni fra i Birmanni e le tribu limitrofe, and 
BE. C. J. George, Memoirs on the Tribes inhabiting the Kachin Hills, Census 
of 1892, Burma Report, I, appendices. 
+The River of Golden Sand, 1880, Vol. II, p. 395. 
¢ Mandalay to Momien, 1876, p, 184, and plate, figs. 3 and 4. 
