698 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1907. 
higher position must hate and if possible persecute the superior man 
in lower station, and that for his very superiority, 1f for nothing 
else. Rosén, on his return from abroad, with the doctor’s degree won, 
besought of old Professor Rudbeck permission to teach botany him- 
self, hoping thereby to draw from docent Linneus all his students. 
Rudbeck declined to consider such a proposition, stating frankly that 
Doctor Rosén was hardly very well prepared to instruct in botany. 
Rosén’s next move was successful. He procured the passage of an 
official regulation to the effect that no undergraduate should be per- 
mitted to lecture publicly, to the prejudice of a regularly appointed 
instructor. Such an instructor there was, in the person of the young 
man who had been appointed to teach in Rosén’s place while he was 
absent. Thus was Linneus deprived of the means of living any 
longer at Upsala. 
JOURNEY TO LAPLAND. 
Inasmuch as his lecturing in the botanic garden had been under 
Rudbeck’s jurisdiction, and the latter had become much attached to 
the young man, he had taken him into his own household. Rudbeck 
himself had been the earliest botanical explorer of Lapland, and, 
by frequent rehearsal of the wonders he had seen in that wild hyper- 
borean realm, he had enkindled in the young Linneeus a keen desire 
to go there. The Swedish Government had long thought its own 
territorial possessions there to be worth investigating from scientific 
and economic points of view. 
Tt was now soon arranged that Linnezeus, under the auspices of the 
Academy of Sciences at Upsala, should make an expedition to Lap- 
land for purposes of scientific exploration. He set forth from Upsala 
on the 13th of May, 1732, returning late in autumn. It had been a 
journey of some 2,500 miles, made alone, for the most part, and almost 
everywhere on foot; but this was one of the most fruitful seasons of 
his whole life, though he was now but 25 years of age. His Flora 
Lapponica, together with the narrative of the journey, are among 
the most instructive and fascinating reports of a scientific expedition 
ever written. In the day when they were new they were unequaled 
in the literature of scientific travel, and the Flora Lapponica would 
have secured a deathless fame to any botanist, even if he had written 
nothing else. 
JOURNEY TO GERMANY AND HOLLAND. 
After the return from Lapland, the next two years were passed 
in teaching publicly and privately, at one place and another in 
Sweden, mostly at Fahlun; but also at every spare hour of time 
working industriously at the manuscripts of several books—the 
Flora Lapponica and others—which he was all the while hoping 
