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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 47 
westward, is rectangular and contains 11 rooms in its ground plan. 
Four kivas are traceable among the rooms of the main compound— 
one in the northwestern, one in the central, and two in the southwest- 
ern group. In each case, so far as is determinable without excavation, 
the outer walls of the kivas are rectangular, while the inner walls are 
circular and slightly recessed a short distance above the floor. 
About 500 feet southeastward from the main compound, at the 
edge of the mesa, stand the well-preserved walls of another structure, 
consisting of a double row of rooms, the outer wall, or that over- 
looking the mesa rim, extending 28 and 15 feet, respectively, beyond 
the northwestern and southwestern corners of the building proper, in 
order to give further protection. The length of this outer wall from 
angle to angle is about 132 feet. It exhibits one of the finest ex- 
amples of masonry to be seen in the ancient pueblo ruins of the 
Southwest, for not only have the building stones been dressed to 
shape, but their faces have been finished by pecking, with such labor 
as to confirm the belief that the ancient village was designed for 
permanent occupancy. The southern corner of the outer defensive 
wall is not only curved, but the stones of which it is built are rounded 
by careful pecking, a most unusual feature in pueblo architecture. 
That this last structure was designed to protect the most vulnerable 
part of the mesa is evident from the fact that the outer wall is with- 
out openings of any kind and extends beyond the rooms of the struc- 
ture, and because the adjacent mesa rim is protected by a rude low 
wall, especially at such points as required ready defense against 
attack from below. As already noted, the walls of these ruins are 
noteworthy by reason of the excellence of their masonry, special 
effort having been made to produce a pleasing effect in the exterior 
faces. Of the inner walls so much can not be said; but as there is 
no question that when the houses were occupied the rooms were 
smoothly plastered, there was little need of the elaborate finish ac- 
corded the exposed masonry. Slight attention was paid either to 
regularity in the shape of the stones or to smoothness of surface in 
building the inner walls, nor was the aboriginal mason more par- 
ticular in bonding the inner and outer courses than in “ breaking” 
the joints of the outer face. It seems remarkable that, possessed of 
such patience and expertness as the builders here display in other 
ways, they seem to have been unaware of the necessity of avoiding 
the construction of their walls in such manner that in places as many 
as SIX or seven vertical joints occur practically in line. In this brief 
report only mere mention can be made of many other interesting 
architectural features of these ruins, as well as of another pueblo 
ruin, more or less circular in shape, situated a few miles northeast- 
ward on a low mesa at the extreme head of Cebollita Valley, which 
here forms a small but beautiful canyon. 
