KLONDIKE AND YUKON GOLDFIELD—CADELL. STi 
quence of the sediment that is being constantly washed out of the 
gravel. 
The final result of the operation is that the flat bed of gravel as 
far down as the dredger buckets can reach—perhaps 60 feet at the out- 
side—is cleaned out, and all sorted into a deposit of coarse shingle, 
with bowlders at one place and fine silt or sand at another. ‘The gully, 
if narrow, after being robbed of its gold is thus left with a long em- 
bankment of stones, ribbed from side to side with deep furrows cor- 
responding to each forward step of the dredger, and running up the glen 
in a serpentine course for miles, perhaps, like a moraine left by a 
valley glacier (pls. 2 and 6). 
This “human moraine’’ heap entirely blocks up and interrupts the 
course of the original stream, and produces a series of more or less 
stagnant pools in the loops it makes in its meanderings between the 
sides of the gully. If the latter is broad, there may be two or three 
parallel embankments, with pools of muddy water between them, amid 
which the stream has to find its way past as best it can. The mud that 
is washed out in the process lodges in these lagoons and buries up the 
bases of the stony ridges. Plates 2 and 6 show this curious physio- 
graphic effect of the valley dredgers, an effect that will last for cen- 
turies, and one that has probably never been taken notice of before. 
This, however, to anticipate matters, is not everywhere the final 
result of man’s geological work on the Kiondike River system. 
First, the drift miners swarm in multitudes, like locusts. undermine 
the gravel, and turn it upside down. After they have disappeared the 
dredgers arrive and slowly plow it all over again, throwing it into 
ereat ridges of stones, with mud banks between. Finally, at those 
places where there are white gravels on the high ground, the hydraulic 
“oiants’’ appear on the scene, wash them down in great cones of de- 
jection vomited forth at intervals from the flumes on the mountain 
side. These white deltas radiate outward like fans, and sometimes 
reach across the entire valley, when they completelv bury all that is 
below. By thus damming up gullies and producing new lakes they 
end in completely drowning and obliterating the effects of the previous 
dredging and drifting operations. When the geologist of the remote 
future comes to unravel these complex valley deposits he will have a 
tough problem before him, unless he has previously well acquainted 
himself with the achievements of the singular beings who inhabited 
these glens in a far-off age, when the hunt for yellow gold was appar- 
ently considered the ultimate aim and end of their whole existence. 
(See pl. 2.) 
There are many dredgers of various sizes at work. The largest and 
newest, ‘Canadian No. 3,”’ belonging to the Boyle Concessions (Ltd.), 
which started on March 31, 1913, was working close to Dawson City 
at the mouth of the Klondike Valley at the time of our visit. (See 
