KLONDIKE AND YUKON GOLDFIELD—CADELL. 379 
for hydraulicking the higher white gravels, this company in 1905 in- 
itiated a bold scheme. After three years of very difficult work they 
succeeded in bringing water at high pressure from the Little Twelve- 
mile River, a tributary of the Yukon with a good fall, from a point 64 
miles from the Klondike placers. The water is conveyed in 37 miles 
of ditch, 15 miles of flume, and 12 miles of pipe line, crossing five.de- 
pressions, including the Klondike Valley, mainly by means of inverted 
syphons. The water is delivered to the Bonanza terraces under a 
head of 500 feet. The total length of this waterway and its extensions 
is 75 miles, and the stream issues from the nozzles at a pressure of 
100 pounds per square inch or more. 
The ‘‘giants’’ or ‘‘monitors,’’ as they are called at some places in 
America, throw the water against the frozen cliff, and it takes some 
time to make an impression on a block of the white icy conglomerate, 
as I soon found when I tried my hand at it. Every day in summer 
some of the face crumbles away as the ice melts, but the parts that are 
hard frozen are not quickly eroded down by the powerful jet that is 
concentrated on them. 
The gravel and bowlders are washed into steep and narrow cuts or 
ravines sunk in the rock floor of the terrace, with mouths opening on 
the steep hillside. The gold is caught in wooden flumes and sluice 
boxes through which the tumultuous current rushes before it spouts 
out on the face of the slope and is discharged into the gully in the way 
I have already described. The hydraulicking of these high gravel 
cliffs with vast jets of snow-white water, like graceful comets, is the 
most picturesque and striking spectacle in the whole district. (See 
jul. Se) 
The last of the seven systems of gold working, the mining of the 
quartz reefs from whose decay the placer gold has been derived, is not 
important. No large veins have been discovered, but more prospect- 
ing may yield some fruits in the future after other methods have been 
exhausted. On our way down from the Dome we stopped at Victoria 
Gulch, a small branch near the top of Bonanza Creek, where a pros- 
pectors’ four-head battery, worked by electric current from the 
Granville power line, was crushing ore from an open-cast mine about 
1,000 feet up the hillside. The Lone Star mine is in a considerable 
body of low-grade ore in mica schist full of quartz lenticles. It ap- 
peared to be about 200 feet wide, but its dimensions were not well 
defined. The ore did not average more than $3 a ton in value, but 
assays had proved that at places it contained over 2 ounces per ton, 
and the prospectors said they were able to pay their way from the 
proceeds. 
The hillsides are covered with scrubby vegetation growing on the 
decomposed and crumbling rock, and thus the outcrops of mineral 
