556 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1914. 
Till now the Circassian blood has not seriously influenced that of 
their Turkish neighbors and probably never will. The colonists 
very seldom give their daughters to Turks or Arabs, and the “soft 
Circassian beauties’? play a larger part in fiction than in actuality. 
C. ALBANIANS. 
The number of Arnauts or Albanians actually living in Asiatic 
Turkey is said to be about 100,000. Many of them serve in the 
army, some are high government officials, a few are even in the dip- 
lomatic service and famous for their unusual intelligence. Most of 
the ‘‘kavasses’’ of the foreign consuls and rich merchants are Arnauts, 
and so are nearly all the boy servants in the Turkish bath establish- 
ments. Most of the large ‘“‘hans’’ (caravanserai) in the interior are 
also managed by Albanians. 
It is easy to separate these Albanians from the great bulk of the 
other Islamic elements of the Ottoman Empire, because they are 
all proud of their nationality and stick to their native language. 
They intermarry rarely with aliens and are remarkably homogeneous 
as to their physical qualities. They are nearly all dark, tall, with 
large, extremely brachycephalic skulls, and high and very narrow 
noses. Somehow connected with the Dinaric race they have by 
long inbreeding and isolation in their nearly inaccessible mountains 
acquired their remarkable and quite peculiar type. 
D. BULGARIANS. 
The few thousand Bulgarians living in Asiatic Turkey are mostly 
confined to Constantinople and some towns on the north coast of 
Asia Minor. Their language and their garb permit us easily to 
isolate them, and they are so few in number that we may neglect 
their influence on the somatic qualities of their alien neighbors. 
For the same cause also we may here omit the Roumanians and 
Serbs. 
E. BOSNIANS. 
Since 1879 probably not one Austrian Lloyd steamer has left 
Trieste for Constantinople without having on board some Mohamme- 
dans from Bosnia and Herzegovina desirous of escaping Christian 
rule. They settle by preference near Brussa, and will probably in 
some generations have a certain influence on the type of the Islamic 
inhabitants of the neighborhood. It may therefore be stated here 
that, though they are called ‘‘Turks” in Austria, they have no 
Turkish blood. They are descendants of the typical South-Slavonic 
- population, which inhabited Bosnia and Herzegovina long before the 
battle of Kossovo-polye (1389) and were after the fall of the Servian 
Empire forced to turn Mohammedans. They do not even speak 
Turkish, but have preserved their old Serbo-Croatian language. 
