568 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1914, 
inscriptions published; and 15 other Mohammedans from Syrian towns. 
Two groups, unfortunately very small, consist of 6 priests from 
Gesyra, whom I met in Aleppo, and 5 men from Hail, in Arabia, 
whom I was able to measure-in Constantinople—in all 102 adult 
men, 61 of them real Bedawy and 41 settled in towns.1 
The cephalic indices of these ““Arabs”’ ran thus: 
Number | Cephalic 
measured. | index. 
Bedawy: 
IATINOVO Nar cisene ste alee ae Soe ae oe ies Me cided ops Lect Ee Eee Eee 38 68 to 78 
Other Bedaw ys. saa ee aes Bhs EOE. Sa ee eee 18 71 to 81 
METH INOUE AN 3 Be Sc ee cape cis a mcc cae Seis a bogs Seca s geleniae earn ore eee Ber 5 70 to 74 
Settled in towns: 
Arab St vOMmerram alas sere ere rmnad ie ais cic as eae Be as Seer S ete 20 85 to 89 
Other Mohammedans from Syrian towns.......-..:----..-+.2---.-----+------ 15 76 to 89 
PPTIOS CSE OMI COS YIU cele eteloralstelaledateyetele ela ais wicle= oini=)5 reel podbon tihencebdobesdsobess 6 83 to 86 
Remarkably parallel with the cephalic index is the form of the 
nose in both these groups. The Bedawy as a rule have short and 
fairly broad, the other “Arabs” have, with few exceptions, high and 
narrow noses, often of an aquiline form 
What we sense call a “Jewish type’’ is found very seldom 
among real Bedawy and very often among the ‘Arabs” in the 
towns, but it would be difficult to reduce this statement to a statis- 
tical form, as the conception of “Jewishness” is too uncertain and 
precarious. Two typical Bedouins are figured here. (PI. 4.) 
We shall later on try to understand the historical connection 
between these two types, the Bedawy and the other “Arabs.” For 
the moment, we must restrict ourselves to having shown the marked 
difference that separates them. 
T. TURKS. 
It is customary in most European languages to call the Moham- 
medan subjects of the Padishah ‘‘Turks.”’ But the word should 
never be used in this sense without inverted commas; it is more 
than ambiguous and easily leads to serious misunderstandings. 
A Turkoman tribe, the Othmanli, commenced from 1289 to conquer 
a great part of what is now the Ottoman Empire. A good many of 
the former inhabitants were then forced to speak Turkish and to 
turn Mohammedans. It is easy to understand that the descendants 
of the conquerors and of the conquered renegades intermarried 
freely, and, as the number of the conquering troops was naturally 
very much smaller than that of the original population, the great 
bulk of the 10 or 15, or perhaps more, millions of so-called ‘“Turks”’ 
has now the physical qualities, not of the conquering-Othmanh, but 
of the old pre Othmianic inhabitants. 
1{ have Foaauted @ 7 more “Arabs,’”’? but I omit their figures in this statement, because they were of 
mixed blood or in some way or other pathological. 
