572 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1914, 
If I now study these 67 families in the light of Mendelian researches, 
it seems as if neither brachy- nor dolichocephaly were dominant or 
recessive; they seem to be transmitted now with equal frequency, 
and this has probably been the case for more than 2,000 years. At 
least, that is the age of the Greek colony of Adalia and for 60 or 70 
generations short and long headed ‘‘Greeks’’ have been freely inter- 
marrying. The result was, in many cases, not a mixture, as if we 
would mix red and white wine, but it was often a manifest reversion 
to the original types. I called this process ‘‘Entmischung,”’ but 
one might perhaps just as well say ‘‘Spaltung”’ or ‘‘reversion”’ or 
“restitution.” 
In this way good old types, once fixed by long inbreeding, do not 
necessarily get lost by intermarriage, but often return with astonish- 
ing energy. Z 
The short heads of the Asiatic ‘‘Greeks”’ certainly correspond to 
the short heads of the ‘‘Turks” and of all the Moslem Sectaries 
described at length in this paper. We shall soon learn to know their 
real origin. The long heads probably do not belong to one uniform 
type; some of them are nearly as high as good Anglo-Saxon heads, 
and can perhaps be compared with the heads of Kurds; other long 
heads of Greeks are low, like the heads of Bedawy, and I am inclined 
to regard them as Semitic. They are, indeed, chiefly found on the 
sites of old Semitic colonies. In some of these places, as in Adalia, 
the women wear their hair in many thin plaits, like the old Assyrians, 
and they are famous for their ‘‘Semitic”’ appearance. 
As in ancient Greece a great number of individuals seem to have 
been fair, with blue eyes, I took great care to state whether this were 
the case with the modern ‘‘Greeks”’ in Asia. I have notes for 580 
adults, males and females. In this number there were 8 with blue, 
and 29 with gray or greenish, eyes; all the rest had brown eyes. 
There was not one single case of really light-colored hair,! but in 
nearly all the cases of lighter eyes the hair also was less dark than 
with the other Greeks. 
I did not measure all the Greeks whose eye and hair color I noted, 
but I found that three cases of the blue, and thirteen of the gray or 
greenish eyes were combined with long heads; but I noted also several 
cases of blue eyes with very short heads. So it is evident that head 
form and pigment are transmitted separately. As the number of 
long and high heads is much larger than the number of fair complex- 
ions it seems permissible to say that with the Asiatic Greeks fairness 
is recessive in the Mendelian sense. Two different types of ‘‘Greeks” 
are figured here (pl. 6). 
1 With the exception of the young men at Symi, who are all faxen haired. in summer they dive for 
sponges, and their hair is bleached by the combined effects of sun and salt water. 
