EARLY INHABITANTS OF WESTERN ASIA——-LUSCHAN, 573 
V. ARMENIANS. 
Whilst ‘‘Turks” and ‘‘Greeks’’ have been proved to be composed 
of at least two quite distinct somatic elements, the third of the three 
great ethnic groups, which form the bulk of the inhabitants of Asia 
Minor, the Armenians, is comparatively homogeneous. 
Of course they also have incorporated in themselves various alien 
elements, and J know Armenians from southern Persia who look like 
Biloch or Dravidians, but as a rule the great mass of the Armenians 
forms not only a religious, but also a somatic unity. 
Particularly in northern Syria there are places where Armenians 
resemble one another like eggs. Religious seclusion and, in many 
cases, life in remote mountain villages, have both contributed to 
prevent intermarriage with strangers, and thus we may assume from 
the beginning that they represent an old type. 
More frequently than any other group in western Asia they show 
the ‘‘planoccipital”’ form of the profile curve, great brachycephaly 
with extreme height of the skull and a particularly narrow and high 
nose (Cf. pl. 7). 
They are generally dark; yet of 110 adult men, whom my friend 
Dr. Assadur Altounyan examined for me in Aleppo, 8 had blue, and 
6 ‘‘greenish,’’ eyes, and in my own series of 26 adult men 1 had light 
gray, another greenish, eyes. I have no good statistics on the Arme- 
nians from the Provinces of Erivan and Nahitshevan in the Russian 
Transcaucasia, but a great number of the Armenians, whom I occa- 
sionally saw from there, had reddish hair and gray or green eyes. 
I do not know with what elements they may be mixed, and thinkit safe 
to omit them here entirely. Also a few ‘‘Catholic’’ Armenians whom 
I met at Antiochia (ad Orontem) are to be excepted from my series, 
as they have a more prominent occiput; probably they are of mixed 
origin. If I omit these ‘‘Catholics,’”? my series of true Armenians 
begins with a cephalic index of 83 and ends with one of 96, the max- 
imum of frequency falling clearly at 88. 
To this extreme brachycephaly corresponds a facial index oscilla- 
ting between 77 and 96, with a maximum frequency of 87 and 88, 
and with an average of 87.5. 
A series of 26 Armenian skulls begins with a cranial index of 81, 
ending with one of 91. A very typical skull from this series is figured 
here (pl. 11). and two good types are reproduced here (pl. 7). 
SUMMARY. 
If we now sum up the results of our researches and try to review 
them in regard to the origin of the different ethnic groups of western 
Asia, we need not linger over the Negroes, the Circassians, the Alba- 
nians, the Bulgarians, the Bosnians, the Franks, and the Levantines. 
