EARLY INHABITANTS OF WESTERN ASIA—-LUSCHAN. 575 
stances that would make it appear to be old and aboriginal,whilst the 
dolichocephals seem to represent later immigrations. 
This theory, based entirely on anthropometric research, is con- 
firmed by historic considerations and by the results of modern exca- 
vations. We now know that about 1280 B. C., when Khattusil made 
his peace with Rameses II, there existed a large empire, not much 
smaller than Germany, reaching from the Adgeean Sea to Mesopotamia 
and from Kadesh on the Orontes to the Black Sea. We do not know 
at present if this Hittite Empire ever had a really homogeneous 
population, but we have a good many Hittite reliefs, and all these, 
without one single exception, show us the high and short heads or 
the characteristic noses of our modern brachycephalic groups. 
When I first upheld in 1892, in my paper on the anthropological 
position of the Jews, the homogeneous character of these groups, I 
called them ‘‘Armenoids.’”’ But there can be no doubt that they are 
all descended from tribes belonging to the great Hittite Empire. So 
it is the type of the Hittites that has been preserved in all these 
groups for more than 3,000 years, and this is certainly a Jewish type, 
and corresponds with the old Jewish ideal of beauty as we read in 
the Song of Songs, vii, 4: ‘Thine eyes are as the pools in Heshbon, 
by the gate of Bath-rabbim, thy nose is like the tower of Lebanon, 
which looketh toward Damascus.” 
But this Jewish type is not Semitic and is rarely found among the 
only real Semites, the Bedawy. The Hittite inscriptions have not yet 
been read, but our orientalists are unanimous in assuming that there 
is not the slightest doubt that the Hittite language was not Semitic. 
These non-Semitic aborigines had their own language, their own 
writing, and their own religion. Semitic influence is completely 
absent in the earlier times and is perceptible only later on at different 
times in the different territories—first in Babylonia, then in Pales- 
tine, where Abraham is the jowe éxwvupoc of a Semitic invasion, and 
still later in Northern Syria. Here my own excavations ! in Send- 
jirli, the old Samal, have brought to light a Semitic inscription of 
King Kalamu, son of Yadi, from about 850 B. C., invoking Baal 
Semed, Baal Haman, and Rekubél. Another inscription of King 
Panamu from about 800 B. C., on a statue of Hadad, praises Hadad. 
himself and four other Semitic divinities, El, ReSef, Rekubél, and 
Semes. 
As TeSup, the great chief-god of the Hittites, is not mentioned in 
any of the Semitic inscriptions of Sendjirli, we may suppose that 
about 900 B. C., or earlier, independent of the Assyrian conquests, 
Semitic invaders brought with them their language, their alphabet, 
their writing, and their religian, to northern Syria, but we know 
nothing of their number, and we are not able from historical data 
1 Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli, parts 1-4. Berlin, Georg Reimer, 1893-1911. 
