EARLY INHABITANTS OF WESTERN ASIA—LUSCHAN. 577 
Hittites, by mere mutation, but it seems safer to explain by atavism 
and by Asiatic or Alpine origin noses like those of the late Cardinal 
Newman, Ralph Waldo Emerson, or Charles Kingsley. 
So, to sum up, we see how all western Asia was originally inhabited 
by a homogeneous, melanochroic race, with extreme hypsi- 
brachycephaly and with a “Hittite” nose. About 4000 B. C. began 
a Semitic invasion from the southeast, probably from Arabia, by 
people looking like modern Bedawy. Two thousand years later 
commenced a second invasion, this time from the northwest, by 
xanthochroous and long-headed tribes like the modern Kurds, half 
savage, and in some way or other, perhaps, connected with the 
historic Harri, Amorites, Tamehu, and Galatians. 
The modern ‘‘Turks,”’ Greeks, and Jews are, all three, equally com- 
posed of these three elements, the Hittite, the Semitic, and the xan- 
thochroous Nordic. Not so the Armenians and the Persians. They, 
and still more the Druses, Maronites, and the smaller sectarian 
groups of Syria and Asia Minor, represent the old Hittite element, 
and are little, or not at all, influenced by the somatic characters of 
alien invaders. 
Combinations of philology with anthropology have in former times, 
especially through Friedrich Miller and his school, often led to 
serious mistakes. One spoke of Aryan races instead of people with 
Aryan languages, and one went so far as to speak of Aryan skulls and 
of Aryan eyes, so that Max Miller formally protested against the 
intrusion of linguistics into ethnology, stating that one might just as 
well speak of a brachycephalic grammar as of an Aryan skull. 
Still there is a solidarity between the historical sciences and natural 
history, and in proof of this solidarity I have ventured—in the spirit 
and in honor of Thomas Henry Huxley—to give argument and 
evidence. 
73176°—sm 1914——37 
