624 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1914. 
has been gained and recorded in recent years, and considerable 
advance in practice has resulted. In the transactions of the Illumi- 
nating Engineering Society alone there are more than 50 papers deal- 
ing with the illumination of interiors, many of them containing 
definite photometric data on the results obtained. This experience 
covers a wide variety of installations ranging from the ilummation 
of churches and theaters through illumination of stores and factories 
to the simpler problems of lighting garages and stables. 
That remarkable advances have been made in the lighting of 
interiors during the last five years will probably not be denied. 
Better materials of illumination are available and knowledge of cor- 
rect principles of illumination has increased rapidly. Experiments 
in the design of lighting equipment and its installation have some- 
times failed to give satisfaction, but usually have given some lesson 
which has added to the total experience in lig#ting practice. Develop- 
ments which in themselves have not achieved permanent success have 
in some cases been stimulative, and have promoted the best develop- 
ment of lighting practice. 
In the lighting of exteriors there has been some advance also. 
Street lighting is so largely dependent upon municipal appropriations 
that its development is sometimes hampered unduly by lack of funds. 
Merchants’ associations have found in street lighting a means of pro- 
tion of Hammerstein’s Philadelphia Opera House;”’ Spillman; Trans. Ilg. Eng. Soc., 1909, p.385. ‘‘Thea- 
ter ilumination;”? Vaughn and Cook; Trans. lg. Eng. Soc., 1911, p. 961. Office lighting: ‘‘ The illumina- 
tion of the building of the Edison Electric Tluminating Co. of Boston;” Bell, Marks, and Ryan; Trans. 
Illg. Eng. Soc., 1907, p. 603. ‘Illumination of the Engineering Societies’ Building, New York;” Knox; 
Trans. Illg. Eng. Soc., 1907, p. 445. ‘‘ Illumination of the office building of the Philadelphia Electric Co.;” 
Bartlett; Trans. Tg. Eng. Soc., 1908, p. 555. ‘Indirect illumination of the general offices of a large com- 
pany;” Aldrich and Mailia; Trans. Tllg. Eng. Soc., 1914, p. 103. ‘Some engineering features of office 
building lighting;’’ Edwards and Harris; Trans. Tlg. Eng. Soc., 1914, p. 164. School lighting: “School- 
house illumination;’? Hatch; Trans. Illg. Eng. Soc., 1907, p. 359.“ Public-school room lighting;’” Knight 
and Marshall; Trans. Tig. Eng. Soc., 1910, p. 553. Library lighting: “ Design of the illumination of the 
New York City Carnegie libraries;’’ Marks; Trans. Iilg. Eng. Soc., 1908, p. 538. Store lighting: “The 
lighting of a large store;”” Law and Marshall; Trans. Illg. Eng. Soc., 1911, p. 186. “ Department-store 
lighting;”? Shalling; Trans. Tllg. Eng. Soc., 1913, p. 17. ‘‘ Distinctive store lighting;”” Law and Powell; 
Trans. Ig. Eng. Soc., 1913, p. 515. “‘ Present practice in small-store lighting;” Law and Powell; Trans. 
Tilg. Eng. Soc., 1912, p. 435. Factory lighting: ‘Factory lighting;’’ Marks; Trans. Ig. Eng. Soc., 1909, 
p. 805. “Mill lighting;” Stickney; Trans. Illg. Eng. Soc., 1911, p. 478. “Factory lighting;’? Flexner 
and Dicker; Trans. Ilg. Eng. Soc., 1913, p. 470. Show-window lighting: ““Show-window lighting;”” Hen- 
ninger; Trans. Tilg. Eng. Soc., 1912, p. 178. ‘Show-window lighting;” Wheeler; Trans. Illg. Eng. Soc., 
1913, p. 555. Residence lighting: ‘Residence lighting;’’ Cravath; Trans. Mg. Eng. Soc., 1906, p. 164. 
“Some home experiments in illumination from large area light sources;”’ Ives; Trans. Ig. Eng. Soc., 
1913, p. 229. “The lighting of a simple home;” Powell; Trans. Tlg. Eng. Soc., 1914, p. 45. Passenger-car 
lighting: “The lighting of railway cars;’’ Hulse; Trans. Tllg. Eng. Soc., 1910, p. 75. ‘“TIlumination of 
passenger cars;’”? Minick; Trans. Ig. Eng. Soc., 1913, p. 214. ‘‘ Modern practice in street railway illumina- 
tion;” Hibben; Trans. Tllg. Eng. Soc., 1913, p. 589. “The illumination of street railway ears;” Porter 
and Staley; Trans. Illg. Eng. Soc., 1914, p. 25. General: “Indirect illumination;” Curtis and Morgan; 
Trans. Tlg. Eng. Soc., 1908, p. 740. “Daylight ilumination;’”’ Marsh; Trans. Tllg. Eng. Soc., 1908, p. 224. 
“Symposium on indirect, semi-indirect, and direct lighting;” Rolph, Henninger, and Hibben; Trans. 
Tig. Eng. Soc., 1912, p. 234. Street lighting: “A method of street lighting by incandescent lamps;” 
Underwood and Lansingh; Trans. Tllg. Eng. Soc., 1906, p. 115. ‘Lighting of streets by the incandescent 
mantle burner system;” Westermaier; Trans. Illg. Eng. Soc., 1906, p. 122. “Street lighting;” Bell; 
Trans. Illg. Eng. Soc., 1908, p. 400. “Street lighting by tungsten lamps;’’ Rhodes; Trans. lg. Eng. 
Soc., 1909, p. 54. “Some neglected considerations pertaining to street ilumination;” Millar; Trans. Tig. 
Eng. Soc., 1910, p. 653. “Street lighting with ornamental luminous are lamps;” Halvorson; Trans. Tlg. 
Eng. Soc., 1913, p. 88. Lighting of building exteriors: “The lighting of the Buffalo General Electric 
Co.’s building;’”? Ryan; Trans. Tilg. Eng. Soc., 1912, p. 597. 
