LOOM AND SPINDLE—HOOPER. 641 
These loose loops are attached one to each thread of the warp, 
which is at the back of the lower cross stick. The cross stick makes 
one shed or opening for the weft. The loops, on being pulled for- 
ward, bring the back threads to the : 
front, and so make the second or il | || | | 
ot —— — — — —_ 
alternate opening. 
You will see this at once if I add 
“i | 
loops to my simple loom and insert SAGHHNaeeEan Lf z 
a rod to enable me to raise them all 
together. TT ] | Titre he 
24/23 
C 2a — = == 
[| Here the lecturer demonstrated grep = (a mar 
the use of the heddle rod (fig. 13).] 4 { Wi ip iI Ni T T a pe 
As an appliance for two impor- N \\ \, Ms i 
tant branches of textile work—tap- 
estry weaving and the weaving of 
hand-knotted pile carpets— the 
loom, at the point we have now 
reached, seems to be capable of no 
further development. 
Figure 14 is a design for a small tapestry loom from Mrs. Christie’s 
“ Handbook of Embroidery and Tapestry Weaving.” ! 
This loom, simple as it is, can not be improved in its mechanism, 
except perhaps in some unimportant details, for the use of the artist 
weaver to work out his free designs upon. 
All the gorgeous and more or less 
elaborately ornamented carpets of the 
Att. ceccncsut aa hecunck ieee 
an: 7 ancient times to our own, have been 
ai | 
ih | 
| woven on looms of no more compli- 
ml 
Hy 9 | 
Fic. 13.—Loops and heddle rod. 
cated construction than this. Added 
mechanical contrivances limit the scope 
of the craftsman. Freedom of design 
is trammeled in proportion to the fa- 
cilities invented for the automatic repe- 
tition of pattern in the loom. 
The six illustrations with which I 
conclude this lecture are taken from the 
masterpieces of weaving made on looms 
fj of no more elaborate construction than 
figure 14 at different periods by equally 
skilled craftsmen in various parts of 
Fig. 14.—Tapestry loom. the world 
ba 
Figure 15 (pl. 8) is the most ancient piece of ornamental tapestry 
weaving known to exist. It is extremely fine in texture, the whole 
1“ Handbook of embroidery and tapestry weaving,” John Hogg, Paternoster Row. 
73176°—soM 1914 41 
