LOOM AND SPINDLE—HOOPER. 651 
The loom having two sets of heddles shows that some kind of pat- 
tern is being woven. As, however, at present I am speaking of the 
loom for plain or satin weaving, the second set of heddles need not 
concern. us. . 
When the warp threads are very coarse and few in number, two 
heddles are sufficient for threading the warp, but when fine silk fab- 
rics are to be woven, having three or four hundred threads to an inch, 
it is necessary to have several pairs of heddles in order to prevent 
the leashes, through which the silk is threaded, from being too 
crowded. In this Chinese loom the front harness, as a collection of 
heddles is called, consists of 10 separate heddles. In all looms the 
threads of the warp are passed through the eyes in the leashes of the 
heddles in regular order. 
The first thread is passed through the first leash of the first heddle, 
the second thread through the first leash of the second heddle, then 
through the first of the 
third, and so on until © 
all are filled. @) 
[The lecturer here 
drew a diagram on the 8 
blackboard illustrating oh 
the method of entering 5 
a warp in the harness. | : 
To manage this set 
of 10, or any even num- 
ber of heddles, only 2 
treadles are necessary © 
for plain or tabby weav- 
ing. The heddles are 
first joined together in pairs at the top, each pair having its two 
separate pulleys, as in the typical English loom. (Fig. 33.) The 
bottom laths of the first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth heddles are 
then all connected with one treadle, and those of the second, fourth, 
sixth, eighth, and tenth heddles are joined to the other treadle. 
Now, it is manifest that if the first treadle be depressed half the 
warp, consisting of the first and all the odd-numbered threads, will 
be drawn down and the second and all the even-numbered threads 
will be drawn up. This will make the same opening for the weft as 
if there were only 2 instead of 10 heddles. 
In order to make this quite clear, the plan and tie-up of the pattern, 
as it is called, is given at figure 36. . 
This arrangement being at first made for plain tabby weaving of a 
close warp of fine threads, it would soon be discovered that by in- 
creasing the number of treadles and tying them to the heddles in dif- 
ferent ways the interlacements of warp and weft might be varied 
© 
= 
Fs 
Vii 
fi 
Fic. 386.—Plans of tie-up. 
