16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 
contributions were made from every quarter of the globe, and the 
publications of the congress contain the most authoritative exposi- 
tion of the present state of knowledge on these vital questions. 
Among the papers presented to the congress was one expressing my 
view on “ the abrupt appearance of the Cambrian fauna.” 
Zoological Congress—The Seventh International Zoological Con- 
gress was held at Graz, Austria, in August, 1910. The delegates on 
the part of the United States and the Smithsonian Institution and 
National Museum were Dr. H. H. Field, Dr. W. R. Kellicott, Dr. Ch. 
Wardell Stiles, and Mr. Austin H. Clark. About 600 members were 
present at this congress, of whom about 60 were from the United 
States, the majority of these representing scientific societies or educa- 
tional institutions. To facilitate its labors, the congress was divided 
into sections, each section representing a definite subject or group of 
subjects. Papers of general interest were read in the Stephanien- 
salle, a large hall in the center of the city, while papers of more 
restricted scope were presented in the various lecture rooms of the 
university. Taken as a whole, the papers read were of a distinctly 
progressive nature, the authors, especially the younger ones, showing 
a marked disposition to depart from the time-honored and accepted 
lines of work and thought, and to approach their subjects from 
entirely new view points. 
Congress of Bibliography and Documentation.—Myr. Paul Brockett, 
assistant librarian of the Institution, who was appointed a delegate 
to the International Congress of Bibliography and Documentation 
at Brussels, August 25 to 27, 1910, attended the congress and sub- 
mitted a report on its proceedings, which is printed in the appendix. 
Congress of Archivists and Librarians—aAn International Con- 
gress of Archivists and Librarians was held at Brussels August 29 
to 31, 1910, when the Institution was represented by Mr. Paul 
Brockett, whose report appears in the accompanying appendix. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
Hambach collection of fossils —The Institution has secured from 
Dr. Gustav Hambach, of St. Louis, a collection of about 20,000 
specimens of fossil echinoderms and other animals, with more than 
100 types. Almost all the fossils were collected in the Mississippi 
Valley and are the choicest obtainable. The series of Blastoids, a 
group of fossil echinoderms, is unique. The collection contains 
representatives of the various classes of animals, among which may 
be mentioned many insects from the Cenozoic formation in Colorado; 
many specimens of Paleozoic fishes, including an especially inter- 
esting series of teeth and spines; a complete series of fossil sea- 
urchins; the jaws of a Carboniferous batrachian over a foot long, 
and of a mastodon. 
