MULTIPLEX TELEPHONY AND TELEGRAPH Y—SQUIER,. oo 
pect for the future. It is rather considered that the whole system of 
intercommunication, including both wire methods and wireless 
methods, will grow apace, and as each advance is made in either of 
these it will create new demands and standards for still further 
development. We need more wireless telegraphy everywhere, and 
not less do we need more wire telegraphy and telephony everywhere 
and, again, more submarine cables. The number of submarine 
cables connecting Europe with America could be increased many 
times and all of them kept fully occupied, provided the traffic were 
properly classified to enable some of the enormous business which 
is now carried on by mail to be transferred to the quicker and more 
efficient cablegram letter. That time will surely come when the 
methods of electrical intercommunication will have been so developed 
and multiplied that the people of the different countries of the world 
may become real neighbors. 
Accustomed to the methods of transmitting energy for power pur- 
poses by means of wire, it is a matter of wonder that enough energy 
can be delivered at a receiving antenna from a transmitting point 
thousands of miles distant to operate successfully receiving devices. 
The value of a metallic wire guide for the energy of the electric waves 
is strikingly shown in the above experiments, and it furnishes an 
efficient directive wireless system which confines the ether dis- 
turbances to closely bounded regions and thus offers a ready solution 
to the serious problems of interferences between messages which of 
necessity have to be met in wireless operations through space. 
The distortion of speech, which is an inherent feature of tele- 
phony over wires, should be much less, if not practically absent, 
when we more and more withdraw the phenomena from the metal 
of the wire and confine them to a longitudinal strip of the ether which 
forms the region between the two wires of a metallic circuit. 
The ohmic resistance of the wire as shown can be made to play a 
comparatively unimportant part in the transmission of speech, and 
the more the phenomena are of the ether, instead of metallic con- 
duction, the more perfectly will the modified electric waves, which 
are the vehicle for transmit‘ing the speech, be delivered at the receiv- 
ing point without distortion. 
It has been shown that the phenomena of resonance, which are 
met with in so many different branches of physics, exhibit very 
striking and orderly results when applied to electric waves propagated 
by means of wires. By utilizing this principle it has been shown 
that the receiving current at the end of the line may be built up and 
amplified many times over what it would be with untuned circuits. 
The tuned electrical circuit at the receiving end readily admits 
electromagnetic waves of a certain definite frequency, and bars 
from entrance electromagnetic waves of other frequencies. This 
permits the possibility of utilizing a single circuit for multiplex 
telephony and telegraphy. 
