348 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 
Maulik (**) have recently published some results similar to those of 
Muraoka. : 
Judged from the fact that the light produced by many chemilumi- 
nescent reactions appears greenish to the human eye, it would seem 
that these should give spectra approximating that of ‘the firefly [see 
Radziszewski (®), Trautz (°7)], but in view of the facts that the light 
1. Portion of the visible solar (grat- 
ing) spectrum. 
2. Spectrum of Pyrophorus nocti- 
lucus (Langley and Very °°). 
3. Spectrum of Lampyris noctiluca 
(Conroy 6a), 
4, Spectrum of Photinus pyralis 
(Ives and Coblentz5!, Co- 
blentz 52,6), 
5. Spectrum of Photinus consan- 
guineus (Coblentz 5a, 6), 
6. Spectrum of Photuris pennsyl- 
vanica (Coblentz 5a, 6), 
7. Spectrum of Phengodes jaticollis 
© (original). 
8. Spectrum of Bacterium phospho- 
reum, B. phosphorescens, and 
Bacillus photogenus (Mo- 
lisch 52a; Mangold 45), 
9. Spectrum of Photobacterium in- 
dicum (Barnard 22), 
10. Spectrum of Mycelium X (Mo- 
lisch 5; Mangold 45), 
11. Spectrum of luminous bacteria 
from sea fish (Forster; Man- 
gold 45), 
12. Spectrum of Agaricus (Ludwig; 
Mangold 45), 
13. Fluorescent spectrum of fluor- 
escent material (luciferesceine) 
from Photinus pyralis (Co- 
blentz *1; 5), 
Numbers 2 to 7 inclusive, are from 
insects. Numbers 8, 9, and 11 are 
from microorganisms. Numbers 10 
and 12 are from fungi. 
Only the extreme ends of the bands 
are shown, no attempt being made to 
indicate the relative density of differ. 
ent portions of the spectra; thus in 7 
the maximum intensity is confined to 
a very much narrower band than 
shown for the whole spectrum, 
Fie. 1.—Spectral ranges of light from different organisms. 
emitted in most of these cases is very feeble and that the human eye 
is decidedly more sensitive to the greenish tones than to others, it may 
be simply that the amount of radiation, other than that giving the 
sensation of green, produced by these reactions is insufficient to cause 
the human retina to respond. However, it is difficult to class the 
production of light by living forms as other than a vital expression of 
