500 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 
picture. Phonetic picture writing is perhaps a term more easily 
understood. ; 
The simplest names are those compounded of two nouns expressed 
directly by two pictures: 
Cal-tepec, the house on the mountain (fig. 3): 
Cal from calli, house; 
Tepec from éepetl, mountain. 
EG. 3° Fia. 4. 
A-tepec, the water on the mountain (fig. 4): 
A from atl, water; 
Tepec from tepet], mountain. 
Coa-tepec, the mountain of the serpent (fig. 5): 
Coa from coatl, serpent; 
Tepec from tepetl, mountain. 
The verbal idea is expressed as one of the factors in some of the 
proper names, giving a compound of a verb and a noun, both ideas 
being expressed by pictures: 
Toli-man, the place where the rushes are cut (fig. 6): 
Toli from tollin, rushes; 
Ma, the root of the verb meaning ‘‘to take something with the hand.” 
FIG. 7. 
There are various ways of expressing the same combination of 
sounds. The syllable pan may be shown in three different ways, as 
follows: mn 
(1) By the picture of a flag, pantli (fig. 7). 
Chimal-pan, the shield of the flag: 
Chimal, from chimalli, a shield; 
Pan from pantli, a flag. 
