526 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 
The study of the skulls from the dolmens in Rocknia (20) and 
Guyotville (2), in two of which the greatest width could not’ be ac- 
curately measured, resulted, according to the German division, in 
60 per cent dolichocephalic skulls, 30 per cent mesocephalic and 10 
per cent brachycephalic, thus indicating a preponderance of dolicho- 
and mesocephalic people. 
The significance cf this result will be dwelt upon further on. 
Besides these megalithic monuments there are also numerous re- 
mains of a paleolithic and neolithic people in north Africa. That 
Africa had a stone age was proved in 1882 by Andree,’ and since then 
this fact has been frequently confirmed. Through the well-known 
expedition of Foureau-Lamy, as also through Pallary, Ferrand, and 
Flamand, large collections of the earlier and later stone age became 
known, part of which is preserved in the museum at Algiers. An 
excellent survey of the latter is given by Flamand.? These finds 
come chiefly from the highland in southern Oran and the Sahara as 
far as the regions of the Tooarceks and consist of celt axes, moustier 
points and scrapers, and laurel-leaf-shaped arrow points; further, 
polished stone axes of the common sort and of the double obconic 
form (hache en boudin) ; then, especially at Ouargla, in southern 
Algeria, numerous arrow points of the known forms as well as also 
of a peculiar shield-shaped kind, with long point and handle (pointes 
a écusson), also points with transverse edges and a kind of harpun 
(hamecon double), finally large spearheads—all of silex or siliceous 
limestone; besides pearls made of shells and ostrich eggs, polishing 
stones, millstones, and other objects. 
Flamand also discovered anew in south Oran a large number of 
stone engravings and published an instructive survey of these monu- 
ments in north Africa, of which those with Kabyle inscriptions and 
representations of extinct animals are especially important.® 
Hamy likewise came across many neolithic finds in southern Tunis. 
Among these, remnants of earthenware are rare though very instruc- 
tive because they were built up or molded in baskets, so that they 
retain an impression of the texture as an ornament. In the pursuit 
of his investigations he found that only the baskets of the Somalis 
continue to bear the same ornament as the vessels of the neolithic 
stations in the Sahara and in southern Tunis. 
If we inquire what people left ail these remains of their existence 
we are confronted by great difficulties. _This-‘much is clear, it must 
have been a settled people, spread over all of northern Africa from 
Tripolis, or certainly from the Gulf of Gabes, to the Atlantic Ocean. 
As evidence of this the great number of monuments still surviving 
speaks in clear and unmistakable language. 
1 Globus, 1882, p. 196 ff. 
2Revue Africaine, 1906, No. 261, 262, p. 204 ff. 
3In the publications of the Société d’Anthropologie de Lyon, 1901, p. 5 ff. 
