528 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 
Senegal to north Africa, and certainly from Morocco to Tunis, but 
the peculiar script is in present use only among the Tooarceks. 
Tamazirt is closely related to the language of the Copts, the Nu- 
bians, and the Somalis. It thus belongs to the Hamitic language 
group and also exhibits a certain relationship with the Semitic, but 
absolutely none with the Indo-German language group. 
These pure Kabyles are found only upon the highest points of the 
inhabited Atlas, in the Rif of Morocco, in the great Kabylia of 
Algeria, in the Aurés and in Enfida in Tunis. Those in the Rif 
have been studied by Tissot? and Quedenfeld ?; those of the Aurés, 
where they call themselves Shania, by Laritique* and Maciver- 
Wilkin ¢; and those of Tunis by Collignon*® and Hamy®. To obtain 
a closer personal knowledge of them, I made a trip to the great 
Kabylia, as I had the good fortune to secure as a guide a native 
Kabyle, a servant at my hotel, who was very intelligent and, besides 
his mother tongue, was well versed in Arabic and French. 
The country of the great Kabylia—that is, that part of the Atlas 
which attains its highest point in the Jurjura, extends from Haus- 
sonville, on the railroad from Algiers to Tizi-Ouzon, and Bougie in 
the north, and Beni Mansour in the south’ (pl. 4, fig. 1). 
The Jurjura, rising to a height of 3,208 meters, and till far into 
the summer covered with ice and snow, forms an imposing, pic- 
turesque, connected chain of mountains, separated from one another 
by deep ravines. Around, and partly parallel with them, run other 
ranges of high mountains lkewise cut by deep ravines. All the 
waters from’ the Jurjura are gathered in the Sebaou, which at 
Dellis falls into the sea. The deep precipices, which rise steeply to 
a height of 180 to 2,000 meters, are closely planted clear to the top 
with vines, figs, olive trees, wheat or barley, ash, oak, and euca- 
lyptus, and the ridges and adjoining slopes are so closely séttled 
with villages that the population attains here a density of 172 to 190 
to the square kilometer, which surpasses even that of Holland, the 
second most densely populated country in Europe, with only 149 to 
the square kilometer (pl. 4, fig. 2). . 
The center of this entire country is Fort National (pl. 4, fig. 1), a 
fortress established in 1857, through which the French Government 
dominates the entire Kabylia—it is therefore also called by the peo- 
1 Revue d’Anthropologie, vy. 1876, p. 390 ff. 
2 Zeitschrift fuer Hthnologie, 1888-9. 
3 Theobald Fischer, Mittelmeerbilder. N. F. 1908, p. 390. 
4 Wilkin, Among the Berbers of Algeria, p. 57 ff. and Maciver-Wilkin, Libyan Notes, 
Boban pour l’histoire de ! Homme, 1887, p. AG 2fE 
6a Tunisie au début du XXme siécle, 1904, p. 1 ff. 
7T am indebted for the following cuts with one exception to the photographs taken by 
M. Achard in Fort National, in whose store I bought them. 
y 
