532 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 
Boys are circumcised at the age of 3 years. At the age of 15 boys, 
as well as girls, marry. 
The dress of the Kabyles is very simple and, in Algeria, is alike 
for rich and poor (pls. 9 and 10). A cotton shirt is worn next to 
the skin and over it is a second shirt-like dress which reaches to the 
knees, and over this, for men, a white woolen mantle, a kind of 
burnus, which likewise leaves the lower parts of the thighs free, and 
in walking is so draped that the left arm rests as in a sling, while the 
right arm from the elbow remains free. The women usually wear 
only the two shirts and a kind of shawl wound as a belt around 
the hips; the fore arms and lower thighs are entirely free, usually 
also the feet. Trousers and stockings are used neither by the men 
nor the women, but the wearing of shoes is frequently noticed. 
Upon the head the men usually wear a red fez, the shashiya, round 
which a piece of cloth is wound in form of a turban. Old men 
sometimes wear a black, and the poor often a white fez, over which 
the head part of the mantle is drawn in form of a capouch. 
Their entire clothing is often very dirty and ragged so that the 
men look as if they had pulled an old long sack over their heads for 
their walking dress. Occasionally they wear discarded European 
vests or torn trousers that obviously produce a ludicrous impression 
on Europeans. 
In contrast to this the higher judges or Kadis, who were installed 
by the French Government, wearing red burnuses often decorated 
with many orders, and the police officers in their black ones, high 
stockings, and shoes, make a dignified appearance in their picturesque 
costumes. 
With the women the second shirt is often dyed red, blue, or striped, 
so also the head handkerchief, which they wind around the head so 
that the hair streams out somewhat wildly from beneath it. Their 
personal ornaments consist of simple pendants of silver filigree, 
corals, and glass pearls, which are worn on the head, around the 
neck, and on the breast; or earrings, bracelets, and anklets of silver; 
rarely, for display at festivals, are the ornaments of a richer combi- 
nation. Children often wear a whole row of amulets suspended from 
the neck. The women love finery but are generally modest and indus- 
trious. 
The main occupation of the Kabyles consists in tilling the soil. 
Stock raising as an industry is comparatively insignificant. The 
mule performs all the work of the horse or ass in other regions—but 
there is no lack of small flocks of sheep and cattle. Men and women 
are seen diligently at work in the fields. 
The tilling of the soil is chiefly carried on for the winning of 
barley, wheat, grapes, figs, and olives, which are all in great demand 
