534 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 
traditions; they only know that before the invasion of Islam they 
were Roman—further back their recollection does not go. On the 
other hand, they have many Kabyle legends and tales. 
As to whether the ancestors of the modern Kabyles were also the 
builders of the dolmens, the only means of determining are the few 
excavated dolmen skulls. It has been seen, it is true, that the pure 
Kabyles are predominately dolichocephalic or mesocephalic, and that 
the 20 skulls which were taken from the dolmens of Roknia and 
Guyotville show approachingly the same form. Still, aside from the 
fact that the craniological character alone is not decisive, we can not 
determine at present whether the apparent relation of the skull forms 
to one another will not be changed after hundreds of dolmens have 
been explored. The most that we can now say is that the investiga- 
tions thus far carried on are not opposed to the assumption that the 
explored dolmens were erected by the ancestors of the modern 
Kabyles. The question of the introduction of this custom will be 
discussed later on. 
No less difficult is the answer to the question as to whether the rich 
remains from the stone age came from the Kabyles. According to 
the investigation of Hamy, quoted above, certain pots of the stone 
age (corrugated pottery) show that they were in the form of baskets, 
such as are at present exclusively in use among the Somalis. This 
observation would certainly support Hamy’s assumption that the 
people of the stone age in north Africa were related to the Hamitic 
Somalis, if a conclusion from the similarity of culture forms to that 
of this race were summarily permitted. 
Summing up the result of all these investigations, the following 
proposition can be maintained : 
All pure Kabyles in the Rif of Morocco, in the great Kabylia, in 
the Aurés and in Enfida in Tunis belong to the white Mediterranean 
race, and are more or less strongly intermixed with blond, blue-eyed 
individuals of northern European character. They all speak a dialect 
of Hamitie language belonging to the “'Tamazirt.” 
There arise four new problems Fa are of much interest for 
general anthropology. 
1. Whence came the blond Kabyles? It is easily comprehensible 
that the strange appearance of so many blonds amidst such a sun- 
burnt population with black hair excited the attention of many 
investigators, particularly the French. Already in 1876 Faidherbe 
and Broca? taught that the blonds were the descendants of the 
Tamahu or northlanders, who, according to the famous inscription 
of Karnak, at about 1400 B. C., advanced into northern Africa as far 
as Egypt after Celtic tribes had already, in the fifteenth or sixteenth 
1Revyue d’Anthropologie, 1876, p. 398 ff. 
