536 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1911. 
nowhere else upon earth, is there a zone in which a large contiguous 
blond population is autochthonous, and we are therefore compelled 
to assume that wherever else on earth blonds emerge island-like, they 
are derived from the north European zone. The opponents of this 
view would not take it seriously if one maintained that the Negro 
population in Haiti or in North America were there autochthonous— 
and yet commit the same error as regards the blonds. 
We can, therefore, only assent to the view that the ancestors of 
the present blonds among the Kabyles must have at some time emi- 
grated from northern Europe into north Africa and this view would 
account for the occurrence of numerous blonds in the Rif in Mo- 
rocco, in the Jurjura, in the Aurés, and in Enfida, where in high alti- 
tudes, in a climate similar to that of their home, they felt most com- 
fortable. 
If in opposition to this view it is contended that at present the 
immigrant French do not propagate in northern Africa, it may be 
said that the time of occupation is still too short to definitely settle 
this question. I, myself, have made there the acquaintance of fami- 
lies living in Algiers in the fourth generation, who have propagated 
and are comfortable. It is, moreover, evident that the colder cli- 
mate on the north coast and especially on the heights of the Atlas 
must be very favorable for the thriving of northlanders. 
Since the Vandals, as has been seen, can not have been the ancestors 
of the blonds in northern Africa, and since other northern European 
immigrants are not known in historic times, we must assume that 
already in prehistoric time a considerable host of blond north Euro- 
peans entered it—that a kind of migration took place similar to the 
migration of nations in later times. 
2. The second question is: Whence came the white Kabyles, with 
black hair and brown eyes? 
This question is even more difficult to answer. Since all the peo- 
ples of the Mediterranean coasts possess identical somatic character- 
istics, and we have no point of vantage from whence to scan the 
cradle of this Mediterranean race, the Homo mediterraneus, we are 
also unable to decide whether it immigrated from the north African 
coast to southern Europe, or the reverse. All that can be said with 
certainty is that the Kabyles are neither Negroes nor Hamites. 
But if we consider that no other people of the white race besides 
the Kabyle speak an Hamitic language, it results that they adopted 
the Hamitic language on north African soil and that they are there 
not autochthonous, but immigrants, and for anthropological reasons, 
as well as on account of their resemblance to the Spaniards, they 
probably immigrated from the Iberian Peninsula. 
It must be further concluded that in north Africa they found an 
Hamitic population, which they drove away, but adopted its lan- 
