FACTORY SANITATION——WINSLOW. 615 
or 29 per cent, exceeded 79°. Relative humidity exceeded 70 per 
cent in 39, or 18 per cent of the workrooms. In tabulating these 
analyses I have excluded all cases where the outdoor temperature 
was over 70°. 
Temperature and humidity in New York factories. 
[Reports of the Commissioner of Labor for 1908, 1909, and 1910.) 
Number of workrooms with tem- 
. perature. Bede sect 
ndustry. tive humid- 
a5 F: ity over 
72° or less. | 73° to 79°. | 80° or over.|70 per cent. 
SELITNLINO SHO PSs. eas Sec ee oe sb eee a ea ee SRE ne ¥ 2 | 25 29 3 
Clothing shops..-..- SE PESRERS Sea cae Se ad RS a 9 23 7 6 
IEW Ge C8 50 ae ae ee ee 5 5 eee ee ae 1 | 20 15 7 
Pearl button factories. 3. 45. =< <.- <2 e sec semen = ons 33 | 9 0 14 
OTP ARTIKEL CUNO DS sneifaiee eens eee aoe ne nee ee 8 4 5 7 
EAE HIG ee oe eS Me eae soe tts nfs. oe 0 7 7 1 
IMISCeOHRNGOUS? = (sues Seah beet sees sieee Sue ses cee Beste 6 5 0 1 
ML ObAL et toe tects ee Peek oe eee ens Seaton ss4 59 | 93 63 39 
In the report on the sanitary condition of factories and workshops, 
made by the Massachusetts State Board of Health in 1907, is the 
following comment upon the boot and shoe industry: 
In the majority of factories visited the ventilation was found to be poor, and in 
many of them distinctly bad. .Of the rooms not especially dusty, 102 were badly 
ventilated and 26 were overcrowded. In the rooms in which large amounts of dusts 
are evolved, the number of machines with means for efficient or fairly efficient removal 
of dust was found to be 1,630; the number either inefficiently equipped or devoid of 
equipment was 2,769. 
Of 84 of the many dusty rooms reported, 40 were also overcrowded, 35 were dark, 
21 were overheated, and 18 were overcrowded, dark, and overheated. In more than 
one-third of the factories visited, the conditions of water-closets were not commend- 
able; most of them were dark and dirty to very dirty. 
There is plenty of evidence, though of a scattered and ill-digested 
sort, that the elimination of such conditions as these brings a direct 
return in increased efficiency of production. The classic case of the 
United States Pension Bureau is always quoted in this connection. 
The removal of the offices of the department from scattered and 
poorly ventilated buildings to new and well-ventilated quarters 
reduced the number of days of absence due to illness from 18,736, 
in the neighborhood of which figure it had been for several successive 
years, to 10,114. 
In an investigation of my own of conditions in the operating room 
of the New England Telephone & Telegraph Co., at Cambridge, 
Mass., I found that before the installation of a ventilating sys- 
tem, 4.9 per cent of the force (50 to 60 girls) were absent during the 
winter months of 1906 and 4.5 per cent in 1907. The ventilating 
duct which was put in was a simple one and cost only $75 to install, 
