BIRDS OF ESSEX COUNTY. 35 



and small, and at the same time the trees themselves are so short, that the con- 

 centration is sometimes extreme. Mr. Ralph Hoffmann, on May 22d, 1904, saw 

 within the space of three minutes eleven different species of Warblers passing 

 through one apple tree in the dunes. These were as follows : Black and White, 

 Nashville, Parula, Yellow, Black-throated Blue, Magnolia, Bay -breasted, Black- 

 poll, Blackburnian, and Black-throated Green Warblers, and Redstart. In 

 addition to this bewildering array of Warblers, I have also seen among the 

 dunes the Yellow-rumped, Chestnut-sided, Pine, Yellow Palm, Prairie, and 

 Canadian Warblers, the Oven-bird, Water-Thrush, and Northern Yellowthroat, 

 a grand total of twenty different members of the Warbler family. Other 

 migrants and residents are of course to be found in the dunes but it is hardly 

 necessary to speak of these here. 



