104 290 



Mr. Friele on several occasions found 6-8 individuals at a time 

 in the fishing market of Bergen. 



Rare in summer; yet occasionally observed at that season. 

 Does not breed on the shores of Scandinavia. 

 G raculus carlo, Lin. 



A resident everywhere up to the Russian frontier. I observed 

 several individuals with the belly white, or with white spots on 

 the tibife, off Troms0, in 1872. A perfect albino from East Fin- 

 mark was presented to the University Museum in 1857, by Nordvi. 

 Gr aculus cristatus, Lin. 



In addition to the normal colonies, a few odd pairs are found 

 breeding along the whole coast-line on holms, in company with 

 other sea-fowl (which is rarely if ever the case with the foregoing 

 species which will hardly breed out of the colonies). 



On the 2Gtii June 1872, nests were found at the North Cape, 

 some of which contained eggs, and others half-fledged young. A 

 similar disparity is observed in the broods, the young being of 

 different sizes in the stime nest. ' The old birds keep their offspring 

 gorged with fish. 



A pair shot near North Cape measured as follows: Total 

 length 730 male mm^ 664 mm female. 



10. Lougipennes, Dumer. 



Sterna hirundo, Lin. {arctica, Temm.) 

 Probably nowhere more abundant than in the „Skja!rgaard" 

 etwbeen the Trondhjemsfjord and Lofoten. North of Troms0, the 

 colonies are somewhat smaller and less numerous, but the species 

 occurs everywhere in the Finmark Fjords up to the Russian frontier. 

 Prefers to breed in colonies, on the holms and islets of the 

 outermost Skjsergaard, sometimes, though rarely, on holms in fresh- 

 water-lakes, in the immediate neighbourhood of the coast, or on 

 a jutting promontary of tbe mainland. When the eggs are fresh, 

 or but slightly incubated, the parent birds display much cautious- 

 ness in their habits ; at such times, they will mount swiftly into the 

 air, taking care to keep out of gunshot; but after the eggs have 



