4 Transactions of the Canadian Institute. [Vol. IX. 



have been found in Ohio mounds and other localities in the United States; 

 but, so far as known to the writer they have not been reported from the 

 mounds of Ontario. 



Twenty-eight of the beads are small univalve sea-shells known as 

 Marginella apicina, whose nearest habitat is the ocean or gulf near Florida. 

 Like the olive shells these have been but slightly altered by the manufac- 

 turing process. In every case the shoulder of the spire near the top has 

 been ground, doubtless by the use of a stone, in such a manner as to pro- 

 duce a suitable opening for the piece of hide or other string by which they 

 were held together as a necklace or armlet. All were ground in a similar 

 way, the whorls and columella within the shell being visible, and thus 

 probably adding to their beauty. (See pi. Ill, Fig. 4). 



There are three hundred and twenty small circular beads of various 

 diameters and lengths (plate IV, Fig. 5). These were cut out of some 

 large, heavy marine shell. The structure of the shell substance resembles 

 that of the shell of the large gasteropod Fiilgur perversa from the Mexican 

 Gulf and the south-eastern coast of the United States. Many of the 

 mounds of western Canada and the Dakotas have yielded large beads 

 which have been made from the shells of this mollusc. 



One larger ornament, probably a pendant for the neck or breast, is a 

 piece of sea-shell two and one-half inches in greatest length, evidently 

 cut from two of the whorls of Fidgur perversa, and having the aperture 

 for suspension bored from both sides. Like all the others it shows great 

 age. (See plate IV, Fig. 7). 



All of the remains were above the original surface of the ground, and 

 were not deposited in any special pit or excavation. There were no skulls 

 or bones of any large animal above them, nor was there a layer or covering 

 of wooden poles or of a calcareous material present. Stones alone con- 

 stituted their covering along with the vast heap of soil above. 



Excavation No. 3. » 



Excavation number three was made within twelve feet of the eastern 

 end of the mound at a place where the height was about six feet. This 

 excavation was ten by fourteen feet. At a depth of two and one-half 

 feet I found a layer of twelve large glacial boulders. Below and between 

 the boulders there were a few inches of soil covering seventeen human 

 skeletons. The soil helped to save the skulls from being crushed to pieces 

 by the stones. In this respect the work of burial appeared to have been 



