igil] ASCIDIANS FROM THE CoASTS OF CANADA. _ 147 



fibrosa as the type of Glandula. The latter genus is consequently synony- 

 mous with Pandocia. 



Two hauls of the dredge made at a point ofif Long Island in about 

 35 fathoms, mud, brought up numerous specimens of this species. 



The shape is spherical, and there is a thick coating of mud, which 

 adheres to long fibrous processes of the test. These cover the entire 

 surface, with the exception of a small area near the siphons. They are 

 of three kinds, which intergrade — (i) simple threads, most numerous 

 ventrally, (2) numerous threads arising from small tubercles of the test 

 and (3) long processes with threads arising from each at different levels 

 in a verticillate manner. Siphons verrucose and rusty. 



From 45 to 55 tentacles. Dorsal tubercle horseshoe-shaped, 

 opening between horns directed backwards and slightly towards the left. 

 Dorsal lamina narrow. Four folds on each side. From 9 to 15 bars on 

 each fold and from i to 4 bars in a space. Intermediate transverse vessels. 

 From 5 to 8 long narrow stigmata in each mesh. 



Diameter of stomach scarcely greater than that of intestine. About 

 24 gastric folds. Intestinal loop narrow, horizontal. Margin of anus 

 with about 20 rounded lobes. Gonads hermaphroditic, about 2 mm. in 

 length and i mm. in width. The end of each, that bears the ducts, is 

 directed in most cases toward the atrial siphon, but occasionally down- 

 wards. From ID to 15 gonads on each side, more numerous on the right. 

 Endocarps numerous, many with enlarged opaque summits. 



Siphonal vela narrow, free from wall. Atrial tentacles small, fili- 

 form, irregular in size, placed in an irregular row near attached edge of 

 velum. 



This species differs from P. comata (Alder) in having larger, verticil- 

 late processes of the test, more numerous gonads and a habitat in mud 

 instead of sand. 



BoUenia ovifera (L.). 



This well-known species occurs at nearly every point and frequently 

 in large numbers. 

 B. hirsuta (Agassiz). 



Syn. — Ascidia hirsuta Agassiz, Proc. Am. Assn., vol. 2, p. 157. 

 Cynthia (sen Halocynthia) echinata auct. americ. 



Hartmeyer (Fauna Arctica, vol. 3) has queried whether or not the 

 North American form that has gone by the name of Cynthia (seu Hal- 

 ocynthia) echinata is identical with the Arctic and European form for 

 which the same name has been used. The study of a number of speci- 

 mens from St. Andrews has shown that we have on this coast a distinct 

 form which differs from European, Arctic and Pacific specimens in hav- 



