15° 



Transactions of the Canadian Institute. [vol. ix 



handicap to agriculture in the northern districts of Ontario, as late sum- 

 mer frosts do not appear to be much more frequent than in the Upper 

 Ottawa Valley. There is some good ground for belief that the gradual 

 clearing of the forests in the North will tend to a somewhat earlier spring. 



From Lake Superior to the height of land the climate in summer is 

 affected to a marked extent by the prevalent southwest wind from the 

 cold water surface of Lake Superior and the mean temperature is lower 

 than at Moose Factory or Abitibi. In winter extremely low tempera- 

 tures occur in this district, the cold waves coming in from the interior 

 of the continent with northwest winds, and are intensified by a compara- 

 tively high altitude. 



The total annual precipitation near Lake Nipissing and Temiskaming 

 is nearly the same as near Lake Ontario, but northward this diminishes 

 somewhat, the rainfall becoming less and the snowfall greater. It 

 would appear from the rather scant returns available that the number of 

 rainy days during the summer in southern Nipissing corresponds very 

 closely with the number in Muskoka and that northward the number 

 diminishes, being less at Abitibi and Moose Factory than in the Penin- 

 sular of Southern Ontario. The winter snowfall of the whole district 

 is heavy and there is usually a large accumulation in the early spring. 



The average winter temperature at Lake Nipissing and Haileybury 

 is several degrees lower than at Montreal; and at Abitibi and Moose 

 Factory in the extreme north of the Province it is very nearly the same 

 as in Manitoba. 



Tables showing the average mean highest, mean lowest, and the mean 

 temperature ; also the highest and lowest temperature on record, 

 and the average precipitation. 



Haileybury. 



Temperature 



Absolute 



Mean 

 High. 



Mean 

 Low. 



Mean 



Daily I 

 Range j 



Max. 



Min. 



No. 

 days 

 R or S 



Rain- Snow-' Total 

 fall I fall Precip 



January. . . 

 February. . 

 March . . . . 



April 



May 



June 



July 



August . . . 

 September 

 October. . . 

 November, 

 December. 



17.7 

 19.8 

 32.1 

 48.3 

 61.6 

 73.7 

 76.7 

 73.0 

 65.1 

 51.2 

 35.3 

 21.0 



-4.3 

 -2.9 



8.3 

 26.3 

 39.0 

 50.2 

 55.4 

 51.8 

 44.4 

 33.9 

 20.9 



3.2 



6.7 

 8.5 

 11.9 

 37.3 

 50.3 

 62.0 

 66.0 

 62.4 

 54.7 

 42.5 

 28.1 

 12.1 



22.0 

 22.7 

 23.8 

 22.0 

 22.6 

 23.5 

 21.3 

 21.2 

 20.7 

 17.3 

 14.4 

 18.2 



48 

 47 

 71 

 79 

 93 

 100 

 99 

 93 

 91 

 80 

 63 

 47 



—40. 



—38 



—34 



— 3 



17 



28 



36 



27 



24 



13 



—25 



—35 



16 

 12 

 13 

 16 

 14 

 12 

 14 

 13 

 15 

 14 

 15 

 17 



0.32 

 0.24 

 0.51 

 1.26 

 3.14 

 3.03 

 3.91 

 2.63 

 3.52 

 2.43 

 0.94 

 0.42 



17.2 



17.4 



17.2 



5.8 



0.8 



2.8 

 13.1 



19.8 



2.04 

 1.98 

 2.23 

 1.84 

 3.22 

 3.03 

 3.91 

 2.63 

 3.52 

 2.71 

 2.25 

 2.40 



22.36 94.0 I 31.77 



Av. date last frost, June 5th. 



Av. date first frost, September 11th. 



