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1898-99. | THE IROQUOIS BEACH. 37 
Carlton gravel spit, Reservoir park, the sandy plain east of the Don, and 
the gravel deposit at York; and there are a few other localities in which 
fossils occur which may prove to be of Iroquois age, but are not 
certainly so. The only fossil recorded from the gravel pits at York is a 
mammoth’s tooth. The dune-like sand plain east of the Don between 
the end of the York gravel spit and Gerrard street east, which stands a 
little below the level of the Iroquois beach, but forms a part of the same 
gentle lakeward slope, has yielded to Dr. Wm. Brodie, of Toronto, the 
following shells: “ Szcc¢nea avara (?) or near this species, Planordbzs 
complanatus, Limnea palustris (doubtful—very much broken, but no doubt 
a limnea), Unzo complanatus (?) (complanatus doubtful, but certainly 
aunio).” The shells, which were found in street cuttings, are bleached 
and fragile. There is of course a possibility that these shellfish lived 
in some pond later than the Iroquois stage, though there is no direct 
evidence to show that they were not really inhabitants of Lake Iroquois. 
During the past two years a gravel pit opened just east of the 
Canadian Pacific viaduct at Reservoir park in Toronto, has disclosed a 
deposit of cross-bedded sands and gravels occupying the position of the 
Iroquois beach and having a distinct shore cliff of till twenty-five feet 
high just to the north. Two openings have been made, one just north 
of the railway and the other just tothe south. The latter is the deepest 
and in it a considerable number of fresh water shells have been found, 
Campeloma decisa being much the commonest and best preserved ; 
though pleuroceras, probably of more than one species, spheriums and 
badly worn pieces of unios occur also. It was at first thought that 
these gravel beds were interglacial, but the thin clay which in places 
overlies them has evidently slipped down from the adjoining low cliff of 
till, and the whole appearance of the deposit corresponds to that of the 
Carlton or York gravels, their upper surface occupying the right level 
for the Iroquois beach at that point, if below water and not raised as a 
bar, viz., 170 feet, five feet above the railway. The Don inter-glacial 
beds, half a mile away to the southeast, are about 100 feet lower down 
and contain a different set of fossils, campeloma being very rare, and 
unios very common. It has been suggested by Dr. George Dawson 
that the shells may have come from a stream flowing into the Iroquois 
water and simply have been buried on the shore with other materials 
washed down. The sharp clay bank rising in the rear and reaching a 
height of seventy feet a quarter of a mile to the east shows no sign of a 
/ siream bed, though the ravine crossed by the railway viaduct just to the 
west has possibly removed evidence of the sort that may have existed. 
Without direct proof to the contrary, however, the probabilities are 
strongly opposed to the supposition that these shells found from ten to 
