1898-99. | THE IROQUOIS BEACH. 39 
turned up snag, is broken off ; the second, also broken off, is inclined to 
be flat on the inside surface. The measurement of girth between the 
two snags is six inches. Sufficient remains of the horn to show the 
sweep of the beam ; and the slight flattening at the attachment of the 
tine is characteristic.” As there was some doubt of the nature of this 
imperfect horn, which at first was thought to be a worn wapiti horn, 
Mr. Pride compared it carefully with Dr. Pike’s fine set of caribou 
horns. He found that it corresponds closely with a pair of caribou 
horns from an animal shot by Dr. Pike a number of years ago in Nova 
Scotia. The shape is much the same, and the girth of the Nova Scotia 
horn is 6% inches between the front antler and the first branch as 
compared with six inches in the specimen from Carlton. It is evident 
from Mr. Pride’s work, that caribou or reindeer differing much in 
character of horns frequented the Carlton bar, but he thinks the horns 
examined are more like those of the Barren Ground than the woodland 
caribou. Numerous other horns and bones of deer are reported from 
gravel pits of the region, but apparently none have been preserved. 
The man in charge of the main gravel pit states that shells occur in 
the gravel, but we were unable to find any, and as the gravel is loose 
and uncovered with clay it may be that shells formerly present have 
been completely crumbled or dissolved. 
The only other fossiliferous deposit which will be referred to is one 
found quite recently while sinking a well near the Don above Taylor's 
first paper mill for the purpose of determining the relationships of the 
glacial and interglacial beds in connection with the work of the 
committee appointed by the British Association for the investigation of 
the Canadian Pleistocene. The well was started on a hill side thirty- 
five feet below the Iroquois level, and penetrated sand and _ gravel, 
sometimes cemented by carbonate of lime into impervious layers, for 
a depth of thirty-eight feet. Below the cemented layers at a depth of 
about seventy feet beneath the Iroquois terrace, freshwater shells occur, 
portions of unios, spheriums and pleurocera having been obtained. 
The stratified sand rests on what appears to be a weathered surface of 
interglacial peaty clay, and is perhaps of Iroquois age, though the 
shells are found at a lower level than those obtained in Iroquois 
deposits at other points near Toronto. 
FRESHWATER SHELLS FROM OTHER LAKE DEPOSITS. 
From the instances given above, it will be seen that a considerable 
number of fossils are known from the Iroquois beach gravels, but many 
of them are horns or bones of mammals or fragments of wood, giving 
no hint as to the freshness or saltness of the water. With the exception 
