2856 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. VI. 
Penobscots, Mohicans and some other extinct tribes in Eastern Canada 
and New England were also of the Algic stock. 
“ Their coilective name,” writes Professor Campbell, ‘was Wapanachki, 
or men of the East, a term which still designates the Abenaki tribe 
of Maine.” ‘The principal tribe of this large family, from the earliest 
period to which traditions refer, was that of the Lenni Lenape or Dela- 
wares.” “The Mississauguas, who held the site of Toronto and the 
coast of Ontario down to its outlet in the St. Lawrence, were likewise 
Linneeh.” “The word Lenni signifies men.” 
Among all the Algonquins there ran a tradition that their ancestors. 
migrated from the North-West. Mr. Lewis H. Morgan estimates that 
not less than a thousand years elapsed from the time when their fore- 
fathers passed from a common centre and their introduction to Europeans. 
The tribes so gradually moving surrounded the Iroquois territory, or as 
Mr. Parkman describes the situation,—* Like a great island in the midst 
of the Algonquins lay the country of tribes speaking the generic tongue 
of the Iroquois.” The connection between the great Algonkian families. 
is one of language, the different dialects spoken by them have been 
proven by analogy to have had one origin.(a) 
The Algonkian tongue has a soft and pleasing sound, and has been 
compared to the Greek in its sweetness and mode of construction. Ideas 
are expressed in groups and word pictures are formed. The letters F, 
C, R, V and X are not in the alphabet proper of the Ottawas, Ojibways 
or Crees, but there is local dialectic variation. The Athabascan Crees 
turn the Lenapi L into R—the Wood Crees into ¢/, the Hudson Bay 
Crees into y, the Plain Crees into z. 
We find the national name in various forms on Canadian maps. Al- 
goma is the land of the Algics, the great provincial reserve of more than 
one million acres in extent is properly called the Algonquin Park. The 
capital of Canada is named from one of these tribes. Winnipeg is a 
Cree word. Toronto is claimed by Dr. Oronhyatekha to be a word of 
his nation, the Mohawk, but Dr. Scadding and others derive it from the 
Mississauga idiom. Machquoteh, now honoured as the site of Upper 
Canada College, is certainly an Algic term, meaning a meadow. 
Before the taking of Quebec in 1759, the red men sometimes held the 
balance of power. The Ottawas, Ojibways and Potawahtamees were 
(a) ‘* Ancient America,’”” by John D. Baldwin. pp. 60, 65 and 135—‘‘It may be suggested that the 
Salishans of British Columbia and Washington have been on the continent since the 13th century. The 
Algonquins must have preceded them some 600 years.” Dr. John Campbell, ‘‘Can. Inst. Proceedings,” 
1884, Vol. 1. 15 and N. S. of 1897, 1. 39. 
