410 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [Vior.. Wit 
system. It has been suggested by v. Lenhossek”! that this substance is 
the same as the lanthanin of Heidenhain” or the cedematin of Reinke.” 
This substance is undoubtedly a nuclein compound and is oxyphile, yet 
it will be seen later that it has very peculiar properties which distinguish 
it from all chromatins or other substances heretofore described, and I 
shall therefore call it for the present the oxyphile substance of the 
nucleus. 
Staining sections in gentian violet or safranin and differentiating, 
gives figures almost similar to those obtained with toluidin blue alone, 
but if one fixes in Flemming’s fluid and stains with his orange method, 
one finds the granules are a deep violet on a reddish ground, the 
nucleolus is red with an outer colouring of violet, while the oxyphile sub- 
stance is also a deep violet. This method has given me some of my 
most instructive preparations, especially of spinal ganglion cells, the un- 
attached sections of which may be left in the stains. 
The iron-alum stain of Heidenhain has been extensively used by 
Flemming, v. Lenhossek and others to show the structure of the cell. 
As this stain colours the cytoplasm as well as the chromatin, it ought, in 
my opinion, to be used on nerve cells with care, for the granules are often 
fibrillar in character and with the iron-alum hematoxylin stain alone it 
is often impossible to distinguish the fine fibrillar processes of the 
granules from the intergranular substance. An after stain of rubin 
removes a great deal of the difficulty, as then the fine processes of the 
granules are stained like the granules themselves. 
The granules in different classes of cells exhibit a variable affinity for 
the methyl green in the Ehrlich-Biondi combination, but such affinities 
are not constant. In this stain the nucleolus is generally greenish, but 
the green is unlike that in the nuclei of the neuroglia cells, a circumstance 
that v. Lenhossek has also noticed. There is usually no other green- 
staining substance except the nucleolus in the nucleus, but Levi,* Hei- 
mann” and Bihler” have found such a substance. This of all staining 
mixtures is hard to manipulate, and one cannot lay any great stress on 
differences obtained with it. 
21 V. Lenhossek, M., Arch. f. Psychiatrie, XXIX., p. 375. 
22 Heidenhain, M., ‘Kern und Protoplasma,” Festsch. f. Koelliker, p. 128, 1892, and Arch. f, Mik. 
Anat. XLIII. 
23 Reinke, Friedrich, ‘*Zellstudien,’’ Arch. f, Mik. Anat., XLIII, p. 402, 1894. 
24 Levi, G., ‘‘Su aleune particelarita di struttura del nucleo delle cellule nervose,” Rivista di path, 
nervosa e mentale, 1896. (Quoted from v. Lenhossek, Arch. f. Psych., XXIX, p. 376). 
25 Heimann, E., ‘ Beitrage zur Kenntniss der feineren Struktur der Spinalganglien,” Virchow’s 
Archiv. CLII, p, 298, 1898. 
26 Biihler, |. c., p. 46. 
