442 TRANSACTIONS. OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. VI. 
nucleolus, and in another stage of division he found one nucleus with 
two nucleoli. The next observer, Lagerheim,’ found no nucleus in 
Glaucocystis Nostochinearum. The chromatophore in the young cells of 
this form is, according to his description, in the form of a band or thread 
surrounded by the colourless elements of the cell, but in the older cells it 
is composed of a large number of small granules which form a membrane 
lying at some distance from the cell wall and enclosing the colourless cell 
substance. 
Reinhard? found in Oscillaria major (?) when fixed with picric acid 
and stained with hematoxylin, a large granular nucleus with large 
granules as nucleoli. The protoplasm contains large and small granules, 
the former constituting the chromatophores. Hansgirg, although main- 
taining the existence of a chromatophore and nucleus in Chroodactylon 
Wolleanum,a unicellular blue-green form, held that in the thread-like 
Cyanophycez there is neither a nucleus nor a chromatophore and that 
the cell protoplasm discharges the functions of both. 
Borzi* found neither a nucleus nor a chromatophore. He distinguished 
by micro-chemical methods, amongst the granules present, a kind the 
examples of which are partly imbedded in the protoplasm and partly 
applied to the cell wall. These granules are formed of a gelatin 
substance, which he believes replaces starch in these forms, and which he 
names cyanophycin. The granules, he believes also, are secreted in 
dividing cells by the young transverse septa. In Wostoc, Anabena, 
Spermosira, Cylindrospermum and Sphaerozyga, the protoplasm of two 
adjacent cells is connected by fine strands, sometimes of plasma, at other 
times of cyanophycin, which pass through openings in the transverse 
septa. These openings are specially marked in heterocysts in which 
they closed by plugs of cellulose, protein or cyanophycin. Similar per- 
forations were observed in the transverse septa in Oscz//arie and Borzi 
explains their function as that of uniting the protoplasm of all the cells 
to enable them to act as a unit in the case of movement. 
In his first publication® on the subject of a nucleus in the Cyano- 
phycez, Zacharias stated that he found this organ in the terminal cells 
1 ‘* Ein neues Beispiel des Vorkommens von Chromatophoren bei den Phycochromaceen,”’ Berichte d. 
deutsch. bot. Gesell., Vol. II, 1884. 
2 ““Algologische Untersuchungen, I. Materialen zur Morphologie und Systematik der Algen des 
Schwarzen Meeres,” Odessa, 1885, (Russian). Abstract given by Deinega. 
3 Ein Beitrag zur Kentniss yon der Verbreitung der Chromatophoren und Zellkerne bei den 
Schizophyceen (Phycochromaceen),” Berichte d. deutsch. bot. Gesell., Vol. III, 188s, 
4 Malpighia, Anno I, 1886. Abstract in Bot. Centralbl., Vol. XXXII, p. 35, 1887. 
5 ‘‘ Beitrage zur Kentniss der Zellkerns und der Sexualzellen,” Bot. Zeitung, 1887, Nos. 18-24. 
