498 TRANSACTIONS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. [VoL. VI. 
arrangement. This vacuolation may sometimes be observed, in a 
marked degree, in the masses of chromatin from chromatolysed nuclei 
in higher animal and vegetable organisms, and it is manifested even in 
chromatin nucleoli in normal nuclei. This indicates that chromatin 
secretes fluid in certain conditions, and that vacuoles are formed by this 
secretion. In the cells of Saccharomyces under consideration, it is not 
certain, as was pointed out, that the structures which simulate nuclei are 
formed of a chromatin-like substance, but it is probable that they are 
constituted of it, and this would explain their appearance, although in 
plasmolysed chromatin a like richness of vacuolation has not yet been 
observed. I would regard these structures as caused by extensive 
vacuolation of chromatin-like masses formed in the cytoplasm. 
V.—BUDDING AND SPORULATION. 
In the process of budding a portion of the cytoplasm is forced into a 
diverticulum of the cell membrane, the quantity at first forced out being 
small, but eventually the bud may contain from one-third to one-half of 
the cell contents. It is only in this way that we can explain the 
“streaming out” appearance of the cytoplasm in the neck of the bud, 
We may see vacuoles elongated and extending into the bud (Figs. 30, 
32, 42, 44 and 48), or one or more of Raum’s granules having extended 
dumb-bell shapes, the extremities of which lie in the mother and 
daughter cells. Sometimes also one may find one of the peculiar reti- 
culated, chromatin-like masses, described above, occupying, as a dumb- 
bell shaped figure, the neck of the bud. The pressure to which the 
cytoplasm of the mother cell is subjected and the narrow passage of the 
neck of the bud tends to draw out and elongate all the structures which 
are forced through the narrow neck. 
These conditions are responsible for the elongation and constriction 
of the corpuscle as described by Bouin, Janssens and Leblanc, Wager 
and others, who regard these phenomena as constituting evidence of 
nuclear division. I have found in many instances that the corpuscle is 
thus divided between the mother and daughter cells. When the 
corpuscle is found in the neighbourhood of the commencing bud, it is, 
with the cytoplasm surrounding it, forced to the opening, which is rarely 
large enough to permit its passage, and if the diameter is large enough 
the cytoplasm that is driven with it prevents the corpuscle from passing 
through the opening. The corpuscle, being plastic like the cytoplasm, 
may completely fill the passage and project into the interior of the bud, 
its dumb-bell form being then quite marked. The constriction may 
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