1898-99. ] THE ANATOMY OF THE ORANG OUTANG. 557 
blended with other muscles. Fick’ described it as a muscle wholly 
separate and distinct in his first Orang, whilst in the second Orang 
dissected by him* the muscle was superficially united with the gluteus 
medius. Bischoff* also describes the scansorius in the Orang as a 
separate muscle, and so too do Huxley,‘ Owen,’ Hepburn,’ and 
Langer,’ whilst Chapman® figures the muscle, but looks upon it as a 
portion of the gluteus minimus. Gratiolet and Alix’ in their descrip- 
tion of the Chimpanzee describe the gluteus medius and the gluteus 
minimus together as forming a single muscular mass, and the anterior 
portion of the muscle sheet thus described would correspond to the 
scansorius, although not so designated by them, and certainly not 
existing as a muscle completely separate in their specimen. Hepburn’ 
however describes it as a separate muscle in the Chimpanzee, as do also 
Huxley” and Owen,’ whilst Bischoff? and Champneys" describe it 
in the Chimpanzee as closely connected with the gluteus minimus. 
Macalister” found it attached to the gluteus medius in one Chimpanzee 
and to the minimus in another. In the other anthropoids, namely the 
Gibbon and the Gorilla, it has not been described as a separate muscle 
save in the foetal Gibbon where Deniker® found it well marked, whilst 
in the foetal Gorilla it was not completely separated from the gluteus 
minimus. Bischoff’ and Hepburn” both found it united with the 
gluteus minimus in the Gibbon, whilst Huxley” states that it is 
not very distinctly represented in that animal. In the Gorilla it has 
not been described as a separate muscle. Duvernoy in his description 
of this region in the Gorilla’ makes no mention of the scansorius, 
Bischoff’ says it fails in the Gorilla, but the gluteus minimus arises 
w LOG; cit; .p- 36. 
2 Loc. cit. 2, p. 303: 
3 Loc. cit. 1, p. 224. 
4 Loc, cit., Vol. I, p. 506. 
5 Loc. cit., p. 68. 
6 Loc. cit. ‘p: 325: 
7 Loc. cit., p. 186. 
8 Loc. cit., p. 163. 
9 Loc. cit., p. 179. 
10 Loc. cit., Vol. I, p. 428. 
11 Loc, cit., pi 193. 
12 Loc. cit., p. 504. 
13 Loc. cit., p. 168. 
14 Loc, cit. 1, p. 224, 
15 Loc. cit., p. 325. 
16 Loc. cit., Vol. I, p. 647. 
17 Loc. cit., pp. 84, 85. 
18 Loc. cit. 2, p. 19. 
