178 E. A. ANDREWS, 
have been torn. Down the middle a suture divides the mass into 
roughly equal right and left halves. When strongly pressed with 
a pencil point the material was indented and did not spring back 
into its normal form as rubber would. Where the material had 
been torn off to some extent the surface was porous and had not 
turned as dark as the general surface. 
' The mass could be pulled and scraped loose from the carapace 
with diffieulty only. When cut the interior was white and full of 
holes or tubes. It suggested a very stiff cheese, but the minute 
cavities were not closed vesicles but short tubes. T'he walls of these 
cavities were thick and of firm rubber-like material while the con- ° 
tents was watery or paste-like but full of microscopie objects which 
proved to be the simple, rounded, vesiculate sperms in endless numbers. 
A carefull examination of sections shows the short, tubular and 
somewhat branched cavities to be about one half millimeter in 
diameter and 1 or two long, separated by very fine walls of the 
dense white rubber-like material. This substance also envelopes all 
the system of cavities as a thick irregular envelope 1 to 2 mm thick. 
shutting off the cavities from all contact with the water. The en- 
veloping mass is white except on the surface where it is more or 
less black or grey according, apparently, to the length of exposure 
to water. On the face against the carapace the mass in nearly 
white. This face fits accurately into the minute microscopie pits of 
the shell so that when the mass is pulled loose it is covered with 
minute papillae on the face against the carapace. 
Evidently the mass has been run onto the carapace when liquid 
and has stuck most intimately to the carapace as a glue-like material. 
Many sections bear out the suggestion of the former liquid con- 
sisteney of the mass, since they show more or less lamination or 
even arborescent arrangement of layers suggesting layers of the 
denser matrix alternating with layers of the more watery spermatic 
liquid and spread out so that the denser layers may squeeze the 
watery layers into thick and thin portions. Apparently also the 
watery layers are made up of tubules or strings of sperm. However 
the resulting mass may have had various origins which only a study 
of its actual making can satisfactorily unravel. 
The essential facts in the structure of these spermatophoral 
masses are that they contain innumerable sperms in tubular masses 
done up in such a dense and solid secretion that they are shut off 
from contact with the water. The two masses were evidently de- 
