Spermatophores in Panulirus and Paribacus. 179 
posited at the same time since the faces of contact are white and 
very firmly united, but still separable. Scattered over the bases 
of the legs and on the carapace anterior to the third legs there may 
be bits of the secreted matter that has turned dark in the water 
and is very firmly attached, though with no sperm tubes inclosed. 
The source of these sperm-bearing masses on the female is 
doubtless to be found in the remarkable orifices of the deferent 
ducts of the male, which seem fitted to eject the sperm along with 
secretions in large masses. 
While the orifices for exit of the eggs on the third legs of the 
female are small those for the exit of sperm on the fifth legs of 
the male are remarkabley large and bounded by swollen soft lips. 
In a male 35 cm long the expanded area about the mouth of the 
deferent duct was 33 mm wide and 15 mm long. It is made up of 
a crescentric posterior bolster of stiff wrinkled shell 6 mm wide, 
and & soft anterior flap 9X 15 mm. Lifting this we see a deep 
depression or pouch and an inner anterior and posterior lip guarding 
the entrance to the deferent duct. Apparently the inner mouth of 
the duct migh be evaginated and the space between it and the 
outer orifice might hold a mass about as large as one of the sperm 
containing masses found on each side of the female. 
Within the outer orifice and near the median end there is a 
soft erectable cushion set with several bright red caruncles: there 
is also a very conspicuous dense brush of setae on the anterior face 
of the organ. The uses of the various parts can be found out only 
by observation of the processes of sperm transfer but it is evident 
that there is provision for the making and transport of such sperm 
bearing masses as are found attached to the female. 
The sperm stored up in these masses is doubltess used to 
fertilize the eggs which run back over this mass, probably. 
It would seem, however, that nothing but some forceful act of 
the female could free the sperms from their rubber like case at the 
right time, and there is indeed indirect evidence that the female 
does act in the process of freeing the sperm. 
A striking feature of these large lobsters is the lack of chelae 
or claws of any kind: only the female has any and these are the 
small weak claws on the fifth legs, as emphasized on the left of 
Fig. 1. The fishermen know that the animals having these claws 
may contain eggs and we may suppose these claws have the value 
of sexual organs, in the following sense. The female crayfish, Cam- 
12* 
