Spermatophores in Panulirus and Paribaeus. 183 
rubber-like mass of different shapes in different cases. These two 
spermatophore masses that thus fuse together on the middle line, 
adhere so firmly to the shell of the animal that it is only with 
considerable force that the mass can be pulled loose from the shell. 
In a female 25 cm long, 5 cm deep and with an extreme width 
of earapace of 11 cm, the two spermatophoral masses measured 
each 45 mm in length, 4 mm in depth and some 10 mm in antero- 
posterior diameter as they lay on the animal. 
The material is the same as in Panulirus and is dark grey or 
black only where in contact with the water and yellowish or white 
where applied closely to the shell of the crustacean. The shape in 
eross section varies in different specimens but in general is not flat 
as in Panulirus, but more half-eylindrical with irregularities. 
The interior is a stiff white matrix enclosing tubular cavities 
containing innumerable sperms with about five stiff radiating spines, 
a flattened round body and enclosed vesicle. The number of tubules 
is very small as compared with Panulirus while the hard matrix is 
so abundant that the sperm are often cut off from the water by 
two or three millimeters of this dense substance, which in alcoholie 
speeimens cuts like softened hoof and has somewhat the appearance 
of hoof or horn. 
These spermatophore masses were found August 22 to September 16 
on females bearing eggs on the pleopods either in cleavage stages 
or in late stage with well marked eyes. Yet in botlı the sperm 
masses had not been much injured, though there was some evidence 
that there had been more or less removal of parts of the surface 
that left the interior exposed; still the main mass was intact and 
it was difficult to suppose that enough sperm had been liberated 
to fertilize all the eggs unless there was great economy in the use 
of the sperm in what had been torn loose from the main mass. It 
would appear here again that the same supply of sperm may well 
serve for more than one batch of eggs, as far as its amount and 
integrity are concerned. 
The way in which the sperm masses are somewhat scratched 
and torn off on the surface in some areas suggests the use of sharp 
instruments and these may be the specialized eleaning claws of the 
fifth legs. In the female the only claws are the apparently weak 
and imperfect ones, such as is seen on the left of Fig. 2, on the 
fifth pair of legs. 
An examination of these claws shows them to be such as might 
