BIHANG TILL K. SV. VET. AK.\D. HANDL. BAND. 3. N:0 12. 9 



together as many of them as I could. The richest harvest I 

 have made in Westrogothia, but also from Scania, Xerike, Oland, 

 and Jemtland I have brought home collections for the museum 

 of the Geological Survey. From Oland the museum of the 

 Geological Survey also possesses some species of Brachiopoda 

 collected by Dr. Wallin in the Paradoxides beds of that island. 

 Dr. Lundgren has kindly placed at my disposal all the specimens 

 ironi Andrarum in the museum of the vmiversity of Lund. 1 

 am also indebted to Professor Joiinstkup of Copenhagen for the 

 liberal raanner in which he has permitted me to make use of 

 the rich coUection of Brachiopoda made by him in the island of 

 Bornholm. Li that island the "Andrarum limestone" contains 

 quite the same Brachiopoda as in the original locality in Scania, 

 and, as many of the specimens sent by Professor Johnstrup excel 

 the Swedish ones, I have also had some of the former figiu-ed. 

 Though I have thus had an opportunity of using most of the 

 collections hitherto made in Scandinavia, I must ovvn that the 

 materials are still, in many respects, insufficient, but, notwith- 

 standing, I have thought it advisable not to defer any longer 

 giving an account, though imperfect, of the species found. Be- 

 fore describing them, I will say a few words of their mode of 

 occurrence, and the state of preservation in which they are usu- 

 ally found. 



The Brachiopoda, like most other fossils, are comparatively 

 seldom met with in the schistose and shaly beds which chiefly 

 constitute the Swedish Primordial zone, and, when found, they 

 are often so compressed as to be hardly recognizable. They 

 occur more copiously in the intercalated layers and nodules of 

 limestone, and in these their shape is usually not at all altered 

 through pression or contortion. The shell substance is also usu- 

 ally perfectly preserved in the limestone, but it sticks so fast to 

 the rock that it is often impossible, among thousands of speci- 

 mens, to obtain one single entire val ve. Both valves I have not 

 in any instance found united, with the exception of one spe- 

 cimen of Acrothele. The best specimens are obtained Avhere the 

 rock is somewKat weathered; there one may sometimes, though 

 seldom, succeed to get loose an entire valve, even of the larger 

 species, as the Or^thides; of the smaller species it is less difticult 

 to obtain entire valves. 



The number of the Brachiopoda varies much in the different 

 divisions of the Paradoxides beds. In the strata with Paradoxides 



