PINE ASSOCIATION 227 
occasional M. angustipennis are added (40). The burrowing spider 
(Geolycosa pikei) (Fig. 200, p. 230) continues in the open places. 
5. THE CICINDELA LECONTEI OR PINE ASSOCIATION 
(Stations 57, 58, 59; Tables L, LI, LVI, LVI) (Figs. 201) (115, 170) 
a) Subterranean-ground stratum.—Here we find the larva of the 
bronze tiger-beetle (Cicindela scutellaris lecontei) (170), with its straight, 
cylindrical burrow. Several digger-wasps of the earlier stage are 
recorded as continuing. The ant (Lasius niger americanus) nests 
beneath the sand and was seen swarming in early September. The 
burrowing spider continues and an occasional cicada lives deep beneath 
the sand. The six-lined lizard (Cnemidophorus 6-lineatus), the blue 
racer, and the pond turtle (Chrysemys marginata) all bury their eggs 
beneath the sand. There is an occasional thirteen-lined ground squirrel 
Fic. 194.—The lesser migratory locust (Melano plus atlanis) (after Lugger). 
(Citellus 13-lineatus) (162), though it is never common. The surface 
of the ground is frequented by the adults of the tiger-beetles, digger- 
wasps, the six-lined lizard, and the blue racer (157). The grasshopper 
of the transition belt continues and two others are added, so that we 
have the long-horned locust, the narrow-winged locust, the lesser locust, 
the mottled sand-locust (Sparagemon wyomingianum Thom.), and sand- 
locust (A geneotettix arenosus) (40). The ruffed grouse nests here occa- 
sionally. 
b) Field stratum.—Arabis lyrata is a common herb. Shull (175) 
found that the larva of a cabbage butterfly feeds upon this. He 
watched a larva crawl on one of the bunches of bunch-grass for six 
hours before it began to spin the bed of silk preparatory to pupating. 
This was about 2 in. above the ground. Midges and mosquitoes are 
common and dragon- and damsel-flies are nearly always in evidence 
resting on the grasses and herbs and picking up the midges and mos- 
quitoes while on the wing. Occasional Monardas support crab-spiders 
which resemble the blossoms closely (Dictyna foliacea). The flowers 
are visited by bees and flies. 
